釋吝──兼論楚簡的用字特徵

Explanation of 吝 with a Discussion of the Characteristics of the Use of Graphs in the Chu Slips

本文討論楚簡文字的一些特徵：1. 吅為𠳵、□、□、□等字的聲符，𠳵又從「文」得聲。在楚簡文字中可分別讀為「鄰」和「吝」。〈孔子詩論〉簡一：「詩亡□志」等可釋為「吝」字，有保留或隱藏之意。2. 文與文；貴與貴；□與□、□；字體下方「^」形內所增添之「－」或「＝」符，實具有區別詞性或詞意之作用。3. 文與□；命與命，其於原字形又增添之「口」或「＝」，也絕非羨畫或飾筆，它們應也是一種區別性符號，具有區別詞性或詞意之作用。

In this paper I am going to discuss some characteristics of graphs in the Chu slips. 1. When 吅 functions as the phonetic component of 𠳵, □, □, or □, in the graphs of the Chu slips, 𠳵 can be read either as 鄰 lin or 吝 lin [lin2 or lin4]. In Strip 1 of ''Kongzi shilun 孔子詩論'' the graph □ of the phrase 詩亡□志, □ can be explained as 吝, meaning to preserve or to conceal. 2. The symbol ''－'' or ''＝'' that is added beneath the ''^'' portion of each graph changing 文 to 文, 貴 to 貴, and 見 to 見 or 見, serves the function of distinguishing the part of speech or of making a semantic distinction. 3. Adding ''口'' or ''＝'' to the graphs that changes 文 to □ and 命 to 命 is definitely not a superfluous stroke nor an ornamental mark but rather a distinguishing symbol of the part of speech or a semantic distinction.