模板支撐專業廠商制度建立與運作

Establishment and Implementation of Professional Contractor System for Formwork Shoring

現行業界管理模板支撐的模式，大多由營造業者直接發包給模板支撐的包商，或自行備料僱用勞務人力進行模板支撐的架設，由於模板分包商或僱用人力在專業知識的不足，加上營造業者本身亦欠缺專業的模板支撐技術人力，對模板支撐的施工要領及技術問題較無法掌握。雖然公共工程大多有委託監造的制度，但模板支撐技術等級較高，加上模板支撐專業技術養成訓練不足，因此對模板支撐監造的效果仍屬有限。
從源頭管理的精神來看，要落實模板支撐專業廠商制度建立與運作，須包括二個層面即「模板支撐專業廠商制度建立」與「專業分包商分級評核機制」，以營造業者的角度，可將模板支撐分包商評鑑制度，分為採購、選商、查核三個階段進行評鑑，並將專業分包廠商依技術能力進行指標項目評核，依序分為A級、B級及C級三個等級，以便落實分級管理。因此，本文參考國內外相關分包模式及管理制度，建立國內適用的專業廠商評比分級制度，藉由職災案例要因分析及模板支撐使用現況問題，掌握到專業分包商應具備的能力，並提出分包商分級評核指標項目，進一步從各面向探討模板支撐專業廠商制度建立的必要性、降低職業災害的重要性，做為本文模板支撐專業廠商制度建立與運作之發展立基。
模板支撐專業廠商制度的建立與運作及專業分包商分級評核功能得以彰顯，有賴營造業者及各級分包商之通力合作，為加速專業廠商及分級制度的建立，本文就制度面與執行面，提出模板支撐專業分包推動的建議，提供業者做為制度導入及落實源頭管理的參採依據，提升模板支撐業者安全水準，並達到預防職業災害之目的。

The pattern of managing formwork shoring in the current industry is mostly that general contractors directly outsource to formwork shoring contractors or prepare materials by themselves and employ workers to implement the installation of formwork shoring. Due to the formwork shoring contractors or workers employed lacking the professional knowledge, and the general contractors also lacking professional formwork shoring technicians, the essentials and technical issues of formwork shoring construction are incapable of being managed. Although there is often construction supervision for public infrastructure, the effectiveness of construction supervision for formwork shoring is still limited due to the higher level of technical requirements and the lack of cultivation and training for professional techniques for formwork shoring.
From the spirit of source control management, to fulfill the establishment and implementation of professional contractor system for formwork shoring, it must include two aspects, i.e.,“Establishment of professional contractor system for formwork shoring”and“Classification and assessment mechanism for professional contractors”. From the perspective of construction business, the assessment system of formwork shoring contractor can be divided into three stages, procurement, contractor selection, and inspection, to implement assessments. Professional contractors are assessed with items of indicator according to technical capabilities, and divided into three grades, A grade, B grade, and C grade in sequence, to fulfill the classification management. Therefore, this article referring to the relevant model of outsourcing and management system domestic and international establishes the assessment and classification system for professional contractors domestically applicable. Understanding the capability that professional contractors should have through analyzing factors in occupational disasters and issues of current formwork shoring utilization conditions, proposing items of indicator for contractor classification assessment, and further discussing the necessity of establishing professional contractor system for formwork shoring from various perspectives and the importance of reducing occupational disasters are the basis of development of establishing and implementing professional contractor system for formwork shoring in this article.
The prosperity of establishment and implementation of professional contractor system for formwork shoring and function of professional contractor classification and assessment is relying on the cooperation of construction industry and contractors in each stage. To accelerate the establishment of professional contractor and classification system, this article is proposing the promotion of formwork shoring professional outsourcing from the perspective of system and implementation to provide the industry the reference of introducing system and fulfilling source control management, enhance the safety level of formwork shoring industry, and achieve the goal of occupational disaster precaution.