江戶初期的儒佛與神佛論諍——以《儒佛或問》及《辨正錄》為中心

The Debate over Syncretism of Confucianism and Buddhism Syncretism of Shintōand Buddhism in the Early Edo Period A Study Centering on“Questions about Syncretism of Confucianism and Buddhis”and“Dialectical Debate Collection”

本文旨在分析江戶初期的儒佛與神佛論諍，選擇兩位佛門學問僧心安軒的《儒佛或問》及龍溪性潛的《辨證錄》的捍衛宗門之作，前者是回擊儒者山崎闇齋的《闢佛》論，這是典型的儒佛論諍；後者是批判儒者林羅山的神道作品《本朝神社考》，這是有關神佛論諍。在儒佛論諍方面，本文在第二節分析心安軒從有關1.死生鬼神事之辨2.性善論與佛性之辨、3.儒佛是否同理之辨、4.因果論之辨等四個角度凸顯兩造的論辨焦點。其次在第三節分析神佛論諍內容，龍溪性潛堅守「本地佛，垂跡神」之論，批駁羅山欲二分神道教與佛教之關係。從江戶初期以後還有諸多學問僧紛紛出來衛教的情形看來，江戶佛教界正處於臨機應變與重視世俗性的轉換期。

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the debate over syncretism of Confucianism and Buddhism and syncretism of Shintōand Buddhism in the early Edo period. This study selected the representative works defending the orthodox sect written by two Buddhist experts as the research objects: monk Shin An Ken’s“Questions about Syncretism of Confucianism and Buddhis”and Ryukei Seiken’s“Dialectical Debate Collection”. The former aims to counterattack the“Rejection of Buddhism”written by the Confucianist Yamazaki Ansai. The argument between them was the typical debate over the syncretism of Confucianism and Buddhism. The latter aims to criticize the Shintōwork“Honcho Jinja Ko (a study of Japanese shrine)”written by the Confucianist Hayashi Razan. The argument between the two is the debate about the syncretism of Shintōand Buddhism. In terms of the debate over the syncretism of Confucianism and Buddhism, Chapter 2 of this study analyzes: (1) The dialectical debate over life, death, ghost and god; (2) The dialectical debate over Goodness of Nature and nature of Buddhism; (3) The dialectical debate over whether the same principles apply to the syncretism of Confucianism and Buddhism; (4) The dialectical debate over causality. These four perspectives reflect the dialectical focuses of the two parties. Chapter 3 of this study analyzes the content of debate over the syncretism of Shintōand Buddhism. Ryukei Seiken sticking to the idea of“Honji suijaku (some kami (but not all) are local manifestations)”and rejecting Razan’s dichotomy between Shintōand Buddhism. After the early Edo period, many monks with academic background defended Buddhism one by one, revealing that Edo Buddhist world is in a transitional period of adapting to the situation and emphasizing secularity.