日治時期松岡富雄在菲律賓的事業經營

Tomio Matsuoka’s Business Operations in the Philippines before World War II

松岡富雄（1870-1956）係日治時期臺灣中部地區著名的政商兩棲企業家，其來臺之初主要從事糖業和蔗苗培育，1910年代前期開始關注日人在南洋投資事業之概況，並率先前往菲律賓投資。本文旨在透過日本及臺灣公私機關之檔案、政府調查報告、時人私文書等資料，探討松岡富雄投入菲律賓的開墾和熱帶栽培事業之經緯，以及其經營菲律賓之事業與臺灣總督府官員或民間日人之政商關係。探討結果，指出第一次世界大戰前後松岡開始伺機前往菲律賓投資拓墾，1915年以降陸續在菲律賓成立3間會社，並分別在臺灣、日本成立菲律賓事業的控股公司。松岡透過其人脈關係，結合日本國內、在臺日人及臺人資本家出資，籌集會社之資金，創業初期經常獲得臺灣總督府巨額的補助金，投入菲律賓之熱帶栽培事業。其後，因受到世界經濟不景氣，以及日本國內資金短缺之影響，其事業長期欠缺充裕的資金，而不得不於1936年全面結束經營。其菲律賓事業之成敗，充分反映出1910年代後期以迄1920年代前期臺灣總督府由積極參與南進發展而漸趨沉寂之過程，可說是1930年代在菲的日資民間企業深受時代重大變局影響的縮影。

Tomio Matsuoka (1870-1956) was a prominent entrepreneur in central Taiwan under Japanese colonial rule, actively exerting influences in both business and political circles. His first business initiatives in Taiwan focused mainly on establishing the sugar industry and cultivating sugarcane seedlings. In the early 1910s, he started devoting more attention to Japanese investments in Southeast Asia, and pioneered business ventures in the Philippines. Combing through archives of government and private institutions in Japan and Taiwan, official investigative reports as well as personal documents and letters, this research aims to explore details of Matsuoka’s commercial involvement in land reclamation, tropical crop plantations and business operations in the Philippines as well as his relations with officials of the Government-General of Taiwan and Japanese civilians. Systematic analysis on the findings revealed that Matsuoka launched his agricultural and business ventures in the Philippines before World War I, and since 1915, had founded three companies in the Philippines with their holding companies established in Taiwan and Japan. Gathering financial resources from Japan, the Japanese in Taiwan and Taiwanese capitalists, and together with funding support from the Government-General of Taiwan, Matsuoka managed to raise sufficient capital for investing in tropical crop plantations in the Philippines. In 1936, Matsuoka’s business operations in the Philippines came to a halt due to both global economic recession and dwindling financial resources from Japan. The boom and bust of Matsuoka’s investments in the Philippines echoed the transition of the Government-General of Taiwan’s Southward Expansion policy from active engagement to stillness and silence between the late 1910s and the early 1920s; and served to illustrate how Japanese private enterprises in the Philippines were affected by events of great influence in the 1930s.