中國戰略型產業的反腐與治理改革以習近平時期的煤炭體系為例

Anti-corruption and Governance Reform in China’s Strategic Industries: Take the Coal System under Xi’s Era as an Example

習近平在上任後對各個經濟系統發動了大規模的肅貪運動與制度改革，以強化對經濟系統的控制，其中戰略型產業是習大力整頓的目標。學者對於習的反腐運動，有認為是派系因素而導致的權力競爭，也有認為是解決貪腐與治理能力不足的問題。本文則是整合派系、政治控制與經濟治理的概念，討論習對於戰略型產業的反腐與治理改革。
本文以中國的煤炭體系作為檢驗的案例，提出了兩個假設。第一，當習近平對戰略型產業的控制能力低落時，將對該產業進行肅貪與治理改革以取回控制權。其次，該產業的產業特徵將會影響習的治理改革措施。為了檢驗上述兩個假設，本文提出了控制能力、產業特徵、制度改革措施、肅貪強度變化與產業數據變化。並以歷史制度主義的路徑依循法與過程追蹤法進行分析。根據上述假設與檢驗指標，本文發現習近平對煤炭發動的肅貪及制度改革，確實受到派系、政治控制與經濟治理三個概念的共同影響，進而產生特定的反腐與治理改革方式。

Since taking office in 2012, Xi Jinping has launched massive anti-corruption campaigns and economic reform to strengthen control over the economic system. Among them, strategic industries are the main goal of Xi’s anti-corruption campaigns. Some scholars believe that Xi’s anti-corruption campaign is a power competition caused by factional factors, and some believe that it is a solution to the problems of corruption and insufficient governance. This article integrates the concepts of faction, political control, and economic governance, and discusses Xi’s anti-corruption and governance reforms in strategic industries.
The coal governance system in China is used as case studies to test two hypotheses listed below. First, when Xi Jinping encountered difficulties in effectively controlling a strategic industry, he would carry out anti-corruption and governance reforms to reclaim control over it. Second, the industrial characteristics of a strategic industry would condition Xi’s governance reform measures. This paper proposes five indicators of a strategic industry to test the two hypotheses: controlling capacity, industrial characteristics, institutional reform measures, intensity of anti-corruption measures, and variations in industrial outputs. Also, the paper adopts the path dependence and process tracing as the main research methods. This paper finds that Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption and governance reforms against coal are indeed influenced by the three concepts of faction, political control, and economic governance, which lead to specific anti-corruption and governance reform methods.