肝內結石

Intrahepatic Stones- A review

肝內結石是指在左右肝管匯合處上方形成的色素結石。儘管微生物感染、種族因素、寄生蟲或營養不良被認為與其發病機制有關，但肝內結石的病因仍然不確定，一般也認為是由多重原因導致。肝內結石治療失敗率高，其復發率也高，可導致反復性發作的膽管炎、肝硬化，甚至膽管癌。肝內結石的成功治療有賴於藥物、內視鏡、外科和放射學科的多團隊整合。雖然近幾十年來台灣肝內結石的發病率有所下降，但這種疾病並未完全根除，特別在東南亞移民相對仍屬常見。

Intrahepatic stones represent the formation of pigment stones above the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts. The exact causes of intrahepatic stones are not yet fully understood, although microbial infection, ethnicity, parasites, or poor nutrition have been shown to be involved in its pathogenesis. Because of the high rate of treatment failure and recurrence, intrahepatic stones can lead to recurrent cholangitis, secondary biliary liver cirrhosis, and even cholangiocarcinoma. Successful management of intrahepatic stones relies on the multidisciplinary integration of medication, endoscopy, surgery, and radiology. While the incidence of intrahepatic stones in Taiwan has declined in recent decades, the condition has not been completely eliminated and is occasionally encountered among emigrants from Southeast Asia.