中文摘要 |
本文以2022年期中選舉為契機,分析並審視美國民主制度之現狀。本文從政治經濟論和政治社會學的角度,採用綜合性結構分析法,強調美國霸權的衰落與美國民主制度的不穩定交互影響的重要性。本文採用此研究途徑,是彌補過往研究的死角,因為過往採用政黨政治分析、選舉投票和民意調查數據分析的方法,在選舉結果並未出現權力分配大幅轉變時,如「一到性政府」或極端的「分立性政府」的情況,並無法充分掌握分析社會內部發生的深層結構改變。本研究發現,霸權的衰落和民主制度的弱化,是透過產業空心化、失業、社會經濟的兩極化而緊密結合,並與種族、族裔,社會經濟地位、宗教、語言、性別,以及性取向等支線有部分重疊,進而使社會趨於更嚴重的不穩定與分裂。於是,在當前發生的政治內戰與文化戰爭中,前述分裂加劇了政黨間的政治鬥爭。對於將美國視為對中安全保障而高度仰賴美國的日本與台灣而言,美國面臨的現狀,將會帶來非常大的風險。 This study finds the 2022 mid-term elections as an opportunity to look into the current state of American democracy. It offers a comprehensive structural analysis from a political-economic and political-sociological perspective that emphasizes the central importance of the interplay between declining U.S. hegemony and American democracy in turbulence. This approach is taken based on the understanding that conventional party-political analyses and those of vote behavior-in-election and public opinion survey data do not fully capture in-depth structural metamorphoses of a society concerned, particularly when election results do not bring about a major shift in power configuration, such as a unified or a severely divided government. The analysis has found the decline of the hegemony and the weakening of the democracy have been intertwined through industrial hollow-out, unemployment, and social-economic bipolarization, and also led to significant destabilization and disintegration along to the partially overlapping divide-lines of race, ethnicity, socio-economic status, religions, languages, gender, and sexual orientations. Consequentially, these divisions have intensified party-political struggles in the midst of the ongoing political civil war and cultural war. The state of affairs is making it extremely risky for Japan and Taiwan to rely on the U.S. as their sole security guarantor vis-à-vis China. |