臺灣大學生孝道觀念、奉養父母態度與影響因素之研究

A Study on The Factors Associated with Filial Piety and Adoptive Parents Attitude of College Students in Taiwan

即將進入超高齡社會的臺灣，高齡人口的照顧已成為嚴峻的課題，本研究以我國未來主要就業與奉養長者主力的大學生為調查對象，並深入探討以下研究問題：（1）大學生的孝道觀念與奉養態度為何？未來打算如何奉養父母？（2）大學生在孝道觀念與奉養態度有沒有明顯的性別差異？（3）影響孝道觀念與奉養態度的因素為何？本研究採用網路問卷調查，共計回收1,570份問卷，得到研究結果如下：（1）孝道觀念中的「尊親懇親」仍被認同，但「抑己順親」認同度持續式微；（2）在奉養態度上傾向給予父母「經濟支持」與「生活照顧」，但對於「居住安排」（同住意願）意願較低；（3）女性較認同尊親懇親的觀念，男性比較願意接受抑己順親的觀念，而男性在與父母同住的接受度比女性高；（4）依據孝道觀念影響因素檢定的結果，尊親懇親和抑己順親影響因素多有重疊，其中信仰道教或佛教者、與父母的關係良好、未來預期生養較多小孩的大學生，孝道觀念較為濃厚；（5）孝道觀念會正向影響奉養態度，受到尊親懇親觀念的影響較大，但同住意願也容易受到抑己順親觀念的影響；（6）奉養責任比重上，子女最多，政府次之，高齡者自己最輕。

Taiwan is facing a rapidly aging society, which has made the care of the elderly population a pressing concern. This study examines college students, who will constitute the future main workforce and caregivers for the elderly in Taiwan, and investigates the following research questions in depth: (1) What are their filial piety and attitudes towards supporting their parents, and how will they provide support in the future? (2) Are there significant gender differences in filial piety and attitudes towards supporting parents? (3) What factors influence filial piety and attitudes towards supporting parents? The study collected 1,570 online questionnaire responses, leading to the following conclusions: (1) ''Respect with sincerity'' remains an essential aspect of filial piety, while the traditional attitude of ''self-suppressing obedience'' is waning. (2) Financial and everyday support are the most common types of support offered to parents, with less emphasis on ''living arrangements'' such as cohabitation. (3) Females exhibit a higher tendency towards ''respect with sincerity'' towards their parents, while males tend to express more ''self-suppressing obedience'' and are more willing to live with their parents than females. (4) Based on the survey verification of filial piety, ''respect with sincerity'' and ''self-suppressing obedience'' highly overlap. Those who practice Taoism or Buddhism tend to have better relationships with their parents, and those who plan to have more children in the future exhibit stronger filial piety. (5) Filial piety, more influenced by ''respect with sincerity,'' has a positive impact on attitudes towards supporting parents, while the willingness to live with parents is more affected by ''self-suppressing obedience.'' (6) The primary responsibility for supporting parents falls on children, followed by the government and then the elderly themselves.