「街區開放空間」之氣候變遷規劃綜效與共效益──建物重建對主次要道路之驅動

Synergies and Co-benefits of Climate Change Planning in“Street Open Space”-Building Reconstruction as a Driver for Primary Streets

現階段台灣因都更等建物重建需求，提供重塑「街區開放空間」以融入因應氣候變遷規劃的少見機會。然而，過去都市內有關因應氣候變遷相關研究，針對街區尺度、多面向減緩或調適效益、與可操作的都市空間規劃設計則相對有限。本研究目的為：探討街區開放空間因應氣候變遷相關空間規劃設計與效益、與規劃設計間的綜效與永續共效益。實證為台北市主、次要道路之街區開放空間，分析方法包括成對樣本t檢定與質性分析。研究成果顯示，因應氣候變遷實質環境產出―街區開放空間規模、「自然為本(Nature-based Solutions)」之綠色基盤、與綠色交通―與因應氣候變遷的減緩、調適效益、與非氣候部門的永續共效益皆有成長。政策建議包括於都市計畫中整體規劃街區開放空間規模、並搭配NBS概念，以產生政策間的綜效與共效益、與提升遮陽人行空間之連續性。

The continued demand for buildings reconstruction in Taiwan has provided a rare opportunity to embed climate change oriented planning and design measures in the“street open space”. Nonetheless, past literature has provided limited knowledge of climate change tools at the street level, specifically the operational urban planning or design measures from multiple mitigation and adaptation aspects. This study analyzes the synergies and co-benefits of climate change related spatial planning and design tools in street open space. The research cases adopted for this empirical study are primary streets in Taipei. The research methods include paired sample t-test and qualitative analysis. The research results indicate that rebuilding the street open space improves the climate change-oriented physical environment output, namely the width of street open space, nature-based solution-led green infrastructure and green transportation; climate change mitigation and adaption benefits, and non-climate change related co-benefits. Policy implications include initiating citywide planning on the width of street open space along streets, coupled with Nature-based Solutions concepts, to foster synergies and co-benefits, and improving the completeness and continuity of shaded sidewalk space.