試論廣州話{哄騙}義動詞[thɐm5]的本字

A Study on the Etymological Character of the Cantonese Verb {Deceive}[thɐm5]

在廣州話中，往往以「氹」字〔thɐm5〕來形容以利益引誘或哄騙對方，對於廣州話{哄騙}義動詞[thɐm5]的本字，學界向來有不同說法，本文首先簡介廣州話的音韻系統，其後整理「氹」一字的用法、歷史背景、字義，指出此字在清代時已為廣州話之俗字，然而，「氹」字在表述「以利益引誘或哄騙對方」之義時，乃假借音近字而來，並非本字。
其後，本文嘗試整理{哄騙}義動詞本字之字義，指出可細分為「引誘」、「欺騙」、「說服」、「逗人喜歡」四項。本文又整理{哄騙}義動詞於方言詞典中的記載，發現其皆僅記載粵語[thɐm5]之讀音，並未見有記載其他方言有同樣使用此字，亦未見有記載其他讀音。
其後，本文分析前人舉出的數個{哄騙}義動詞的可能本字——「啖」、「啗」、「𧨾」、「撢」、「䐺」，並指出以上數字皆非{哄騙}義動詞的本字。最後本文從音韻地位及文獻對「餂」一字用法之記載出發，嘗試提出{哄騙}義動詞的本字當為「餂」字。

The purpose In Cantonese, the character “tam 氹” [thɐm5] is often used to describe “enticing or deceiving someone for personal gain.” There have been various opinions about the etymological character of the verb [thɐm5], meaning {deceive}, in Cantonese. This paper first introduces the phonological system of Cantonese. After that, it organizes the usage, historical background, and meaning of the character “tam 氹,” pointing out that the character was already a vulgar form in Cantonese during the Qing Dynasty. However, when “tam 氹” is used to express “enticing or deceiving someone for personal gain,” it is actually borrowed from a similar-sounding character, and “tam 氹” is not the etymological character.
Next, this paper attempts to organize the meaning of the etymological character for the verb meaning {deceive}, and points out that it can be divided into four categories: “enticing,” “cheating,” “persuading,” and “amusing.” The paper also organizes the records of the verb meaning {deceive} in dictionaries of Chinese dialects, finding that they all only record the Cantonese pronunciation [thɐm5] and do not document the usage of this character in other Chinese dialects or other pronunciations.
Subsequently, the paper analyzes several possible etymological characters for the verb meaning {deceive} proposed by previous researchers – “daam 啖,” “daam 啗,” “tam𧨾,” “taam 撢,” and “tam䐺” – and points out that none of these characters are the etymological character for the verb meaning {deceive}. Finally, based on Chinese Phonology and the usage of the character “tim 餂” in ancient Chinese texts, this paper attempts to propose that the etymological character for the verb meaning {deceive} should be “tim 餂.”