宗社大計：論魏了翁〈真公神道碑〉中的取材標準

The great strategy for nation-- the draw material standard of Wei Liao-Wong’s Zheng Gong Sheng Dao Bei

南宋魏了翁的文學成就鮮受今人重視，然而從吳淵到四庫館臣皆給予甚高評價，此吾人所不當忽視者。在其文學作品中，頗能展現特色者當屬〈參知政事資政殿學士致仕真公神道碑〉，由於墓主真德秀與作者有著深厚情誼，於當代已經常被並論，彼此在政治理念與價值觀上，又往往有相同看法，在相知相惜下，其中一人撰寫總結對方一生的墓誌銘時，亦當有其難處，也即如何展現墓主功績的取材問題。在對比劉克莊〈西山真文忠公行狀〉，本文發現〈神道碑〉具以下特點：其一，引述墓主論對特多，卻只集中於金元戰略、宰執專權、霅川之變三類；其二，敘述墓主為官事蹟詳於在朝，略於地方。由是，筆者將透過其中論對，回顧當時政治狀況，進而分析其取材標準。

The literary achievement of Wei Liao-Wong is unvalued in today’s academia. However, Wu Yuan and the Officers in Academy for the Compilation of Siku Quanshu both think highly of it, these opinions can’t be ignore. In Wei’s literary works, Can Zhi Zheng Shi Zi Zheng Dian Xue Shi Zhi Shi Zheng Gong Sheng Dao Bei is the one which show it characteristic. Since Zhen, De-Xiu, occupant of tomb, has profound friendship with author, and had already been associated with each other at that time. They had same political idea, so is their values. Because of they knew and cherished each other, when one of them had to wrote an essay that summed up previous existence of another,“how to wrote it?” will be a big question, especially draw material of showing his merits and achievements. If we compared this essay with Xi Shan Zhen Wen Zhong Gong Xing Zhuang, which wrote by Liu, Ke-Zhuang, we will found that Sheng Dao Bei has two features, first one, it quoted plenty of discourses (specifically to the words that spoke to emperor) but just for three types: strategies of handling Jin and Yuan, power centralized in prime minister, the Zha Chuan munity. Second one, when narrated Zhen’s political achievements, it detail in central government affairs, simple in local affairs. Therefore, the author will check up these discourses, review the political situation at the time, and analyze the draw material standard of this essay.