無差別殺人犯罪之敘說研究──以一位無差別殺人犯罪者為例

The narrative study of the indiscriminate killing: A case study of an indiscriminate offender

本研究目的主要在了解無差別殺人犯罪之相關影響因素、動機以及無差別殺人犯罪者的生命歷程經驗，並且運用歸因理論來分析無差別殺人犯罪行為。本研究採用敘事探究法與半結構式深度訪談，針對一名犯下無差別殺人犯罪的收容人進行研究。
研究結果發現：一、無差別殺人犯罪之特徵：（一）無差別殺人犯罪案發場所為開放性質場合，能避免行為曝光遭中斷（二）無差別殺人犯罪者對犯案地點具熟悉性，提高掌控度（三）無差別殺人犯罪被害對象，具有象徵意涵或將之殺害所費成本較低。二、無差別殺人犯罪之相關影響因素與動機：（一）無差別殺人犯罪者之犯罪動機，非直接針對傷殺害被害者，多著眼於被害者死亡後利益（二）犯罪成因又可進一步區分為成長因子及觸發因子，需以系統觀分析。三、無差別殺人犯罪者之生命歷程經驗：（一）無差別殺人犯罪者生命歷程充斥逆境經驗。包括負面的家庭關係、學校霸凌與職場剝削、親密關係失落、經濟變故等，因而消融生存慾望（二）案發後，無差別殺人者處於內在矛盾狀態，擔憂即將到來的司法程序。四、無差別殺人犯罪者在敵意、悲觀歸因風格的影響下，促使無差別殺人犯罪者親社會情感消失與自我貶損，認為實施無差別殺人行為是“沒有選擇的選擇＂。
最後，依據本研究結果，參照Brantingham與Faust在1976提出的犯罪三級預防理論，針對無差別殺人犯罪防治相關單位提出建議以供參考。

The aims of the study were to explore the related factors, the motivation, and the life experience of the indiscriminate perpetrator via the attribution theory. The narrative research method and semi-structured in-depth interview were conducted with a convicted offender who has convictions for crime of indiscriminate murder. The findings are discussed as follows, including the characteristics of the indiscriminate murder, the related factors and the motivation of the perpetrator, the life experience of the perpetrator, and the offender's attributions of his own killing behavior. First, the indiscriminate murder occurring in public locations can be avoided to be interrupted. Furthermore, the offenders usually select familiar locations to commit the killing behavior to increase the feeling of control. From the offender's perspective, the selected victim may be meaningful symbolic and may be effortless when committing the killing behavior. Second, the motivation of the indiscriminate killing behavior focus on the result of some benefit, such as death penalty, instead of causing injury or death. The factors underlying the indiscriminate killing behavior can be divided into the developmental factor and trigger factor from a systematic perspective. Third, the indiscriminate perpetrator reported experiencing adverse family relationship, school bullying, exploitation in the work place, intimacy deficiency, and economic calamity which reduced the will of survival. Moreover, the offender had felt contradictory and worried about the judicial adjudication after committing the killing behavior. Fourth, hostile and pessimistic attributional style affect how the offender confront the life and resulting in self-effacement, reduction in prosocial behavior, and killing behavior. From the attribution model, the offender's pessimistic attributional style resulted in a distorted cognition such like the indiscriminate killing behavior was a“no choice”action.
Future suggestion for prevention the discriminate murder based on Brantingham and Faust’s three-level crime prevention model was discussed.