憂鬱、賦權、家庭支持與在監個人進展之相關性：針對台灣女性受刑人的實證研究

The Correlations among Depression, Empowerment, Family Support and Personal Growth: An Empirical Study of Female Inmates in Taiwan

過去研究顯示，監禁的封閉環境對受刑人造成身心理影響及在監適應問題，進而影響未來能否順利復歸社會。爰此，本研究目的在於瞭解受刑人心理健康（憂鬱）、賦權、家庭支持與在監適應狀況（如自我效能、個人進展）之間的關聯性。本研究為橫斷性之問卷調查，以台灣某女子監獄之女性受刑人為研究對象，有效樣本為115 人。以描述統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析與多元迴歸分析進行統計資料分析。
研究結果顯示：（1）受刑人的年紀越大，其監禁的時間越久，賦權程度、家庭支持與自我效能越高。（2）憂鬱與賦權、家庭支持、自我效能、個人進展呈現負相關。而賦權與家庭支持、自我效能、個人進展呈顯著正相關。（3）由多元迴歸分析結果發現，憂鬱、賦權、家庭支持可作為自我效能的顯著預測因子；而憂鬱、賦權對於個人進展同樣具有顯著預測力。
本研究提出未來研究及矯正機關政策推動之相關建議，並討論社會工作在女性受刑人矯正干預中的應用。

The incarceration environment may have a psychological impact on inmates and can cause problems of adjustment, which in turn may affect their future rehabilitation. The purposes of the present research were to examine the effects of depression, empowerment, family support, and self-efficacy on prison adjustment (such as self-efficacy and personal progress). Data were analyzed based on surveys conducted with 115 female inmates in a prison for females in Taiwan. The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s product-moment correlations, and multiple regression.
It was found that inmates who were older, and had been incarcerated for a longer period, had higher degrees of empowerment, family support and self-efficacy. It was also found that depression was negatively and significantly correlated with empowerment, family support, self-efficacy, and personal progress. Empowerment was positively and significantly correlated with family support, self-efficacy, and personal progress. The results of a multiple regression analysis showed that depression, empowerment and family support, were significant predictors of self-efficacy. In addition, depression and empowerment significantly predicted personal growth.
Policy implications and suggestions for future research were provided in the current study. It also discusses the role that social work could play in the practice and planning for female inmates’ correctional interventions.