髖部骨折後的肌少症

Sarcopenia after Hip Fracture

肌少症會導致老年人跌倒和髖部骨折的風險增加。髖部骨折已成為一個不斷發展的當前問題，也是最嚴重的醫學和社會問題之一。髖部骨折病人的肌少症罹病率更高，腿部肌肉量減少更多。迄今為止，最有效的診斷技術包括，雙能量X射線吸收測定法(dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA)，可評估肌肉量。生物電阻抗分析、電腦斷層掃描和磁振造影可用於特定病例。治療髖部骨折病人的肌少症，是一項多學科挑戰，根據過去的研究結果，應高度重視營養補充。專家們建議身體運動計劃以降低老年病人髖部骨折風險。由於在發生骨折時，病人會疼痛和喪失行走能力，因此無法正確評估髖部骨折病人的步行態狀態和下肢力量。為了評估他們的肌肉功能，只能依靠問卷或儀器來評估。然而，肌少症的診斷具有挑戰性，尤其是在髖部骨折病人中，目前尚無標準化的診斷和治療方案。

Sarcopenia can increase the risk of fall and hip fracture in geriatrics. Hip fracture is a developing and current problem and is one of the most serious medical and social problems. After hip fracture, patients have higher incidence of sarcopenia and loss of more thigh muscle mass. To date, the most effective way to diagnose sarcopenia include dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) which can estimate muscle mass. Bioelectrical impedance analysis, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used in certain patients. The treatment for sarcopenia after hip fracture is a multiple-discipline challenge. According to the previous studies, we should emphasize nutrition supplement. Rehabilitation with exercise protocols are suggested to reduce geriatric hip fracture risk. Due to pain and unable to walk, it is not easy for us to evaluate the waking status and lower extremity muscle power after hip fractures. In order to evaluate the muscle function, we just can count on questionnaires or machine. The diagnosis of sarcopenia is challenging, especially in patients with hip fracture. Currently there is no standardized diagnosis and treatment way.