論司法解釋的性質和效力位階

在法律上，司法解釋被定性為效力低於法律的規範性文件，但其與法律以下各類型立法之間的效力位階未得到明確，這既無法避免其與法律以下各類型立法之間的衝突，也沒有為它們之間發生衝突時如何適用提供指引。最高人民法院將司法解釋定性為作為補充性裁判依據的規範性法律文件;而在司法裁判中，當事人和法院關於司法解釋性質和效力位階的認知呈現明顯的多元化。學者們在理論上對於司法解釋性質與效力位階的認識立場迥異，迄今並未得出邏輯融貫、符合實際的結論。司法解釋在實質意義上就是制定法。綜合考量其特殊性以及若干歷史、現實等方面因素，司法解釋的效力位階應分情況而論:刑事司法解釋的效力僅低於法律。其他司法解釋與行政法規具有同等效力，二者規定不一致時，由全國人大常委會裁決。經濟特區法規作出的變通規定優先於其他司法解釋適用。經濟特區法規與其他司法解釋規定不一致且不能確定經濟特區法規的規定是否構成對法律的變通規定時，由全國人大常委會裁決。

Judicial interpretation is considered as normative documents with lower validity than the statutes. However, the validity hierarchy between judicial interpretation and the various types of rules under statutes has not been clarified, which can neither avoid the conflict between judicial interpretation and the various types of rules under statutes, nor provide guidance on how to apply in case of the conflict between them. The Supreme People's Court defines judicial interpretation as normative legal documents as supplementary judgment bases. In judicial adjudication, the positions of the parties and the courts about the nature and validity hierarchy of judicial interpretation are obviously diverse. In theory scholars have different viewpoints on the nature and validity hierarchy of judicial interpretation and have not reached a logically coherent and realistic conclusion so far. Judicial interpretation is statute in essence. Considering its particularity and several other historical and realistic factors, the validity hierarchy of judicial interpretation should be divided into different situations: the validity of criminal judicial interpretation is only lower than the national law. Other judicial interpretations and administrative regulations have the same validity. H the two provisions are inconsistent, the Standing Committee of the National People' s Congress shall make a decision. The adaptive provisions made by regulations of special economic zones shall prevail over other judicial interpretations. If there is any discrepancy between regulations of special economic zones and provisions of other judicial interpretations and it is uncertain whether the provisions of the regulations of special economic zones are implementing provisions to the statutes, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress shall make a decision.