中國民法總則的希爾伯特問題

中國民法總則的希爾伯特問題，一方面應處於法律科學整體脈絡下，所展示的法學問題具有普遍意義，另一方面又須帶有中國烙印，如此方可彰顯中國對於法律科學的獨特貢獻。在此標準下，中國民法總則的希爾伯特問題可概括六項:第一，如何理解民法典總則編的形式邏輯與實質功能? 第二，如何看待誠信原則與禁止權利濫用原則的關係? 第三，如何應對自然人與團體權利能力概念及其突破? 第四，如何設置未成年限制行為能力人自由行為界限?第五，如何解釋法典關於負擔行為與處分行為的立場? 第六，如何建構融貫的錯誤規則體系?六項問題涉及法典體例、權利、主體及法律行為四個基礎領域，或關乎立法者秉持的私法理念，或關乎較為單純的規範技術，或兼而有之。

The Hilbert problems of the General Part of Chinese Civil Code should be placed in the context of legal science on the one hand, which means that the problems should be of universal significance, and should be with Chinese characteristics on the other, so as to highlight China's unique knowledge contribution to legal science. Based on this standard, the Hilbert problems of the General Part of the Chinese Civil Code include six items. First, how to understand the formal logic and substantive functions of the General Part of the Civil Code? Second, how to understand the relationship between the principle of good faith and prohibition of abuse of civil rights? Third, how to deal with such concepts as capacity of rights and capacity of juristic act of natural person and organization and their breakthroughs? Fourth, how to set the limits of free behavior of minors with limited capacity of juristic act? Fifth, how to explain the position of the Chinese Civil Code on the obligatory juristic act and the dispositive juristic act? Sixth, how to build a coherent system of mistake rules? The six issues r elate to the four basic fields of civil law : system of civil code, right, subject and juristic act. These issues reflect either the conception of private law held by legislators, or simply the normative technique, or both.