| 英文摘要 |
How should an article in history begin? All writings have beginnings, but not all beginnings are openings. Those familiar with chess know that the series of moves that make up a match are conceived of as divisible into three basic parts-an opening, a middle game, and an endgame-and that anyone who hopes to advance beyond rudimentary play must first memorize some standard openings. It is by analogy to this usage in chess that I invoke the term. An opening is a strategic beginning. It may consist of a single sentence, or it may run for pages. It is always marked, however, by a characteristic premise, namely, that an article, like a game of chess, is not simply the exposition of personal intelligence, but the encounter of minds. Openings are calculated not only to match the internal logic of the argument to follow, but also to play with the reader. |
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