道劫並降：近代一貫道的末世救劫觀與論述反思

The Dao and Kalpa Descend Together: An Expository Reflection on Yiguandao's （一貫道Way of Pervading Unity） Contemporary Views on Eschatology and Salvation

本文乃從道劫並降的觀點，論述一貫道的末世救劫觀。一貫道的末世救劫思想，建立在十五代祖師王覺一之手，他的末世論乃建構在「末後一着」之毀天滅地前最後的救渡，故而提出「三曹普渡」與「末後收圓」論述。張天然是影響近代一貫道發展最重要的祖師，他的末世救劫觀，主要在透過求道儀式與渡人修道。透過張氏弟子的宣傳，張天然成為擁有末世救劫專利的救世主，而他的救劫專利延續至同為十八代祖的孫慧明與所有一貫道的點傳師。面對時代變遷與價值觀轉變，本文提出建構靈性平等的救劫觀與突破二元對立、以道救劫的思考，提供當代一貫道思考，擴展一貫道「道不是教」更多的可能性。

This article discusses Yiguandao’s views on eschatology and salvation from the perspective of the Dao and kalpa descending together. Eschatological and salvationist thought within Yiguandao originated with the fifteenth patriarch Wang Jueyi (1833-?), whose eschatology was developed around the concepts of the “Final Salvation” (mohou yizhao 末後一着), “Three-Dimensional Salvation” (sancao pudu 三曹普渡) and “Final Perfection (mohou shouyuan 末後收圓).” Zhang Tianran 張天然(1889-1947) and Sun Huiming 孫慧明 (1895-1975)were the most important patriarchs in terms of their influence on the contemporary development of Yiguandao. As Yiguandao faces changing times and shifting value systems, this article offers a consideration of how to establish salvationist views better grounded in spiritual equality and break through views characterized by dualistic opposition between the Dao and the kalpa, in which the Dao is simply envisioned as the redemption of the kalpa. The discussion offered here also expands the possibilities of the doctrine “Dao is not a teaching/ religion” (Dao bushi jiao 道不是教).