明儒楊爵明心窮理與知行並重之《易》學析論

On the Characteristics of Yang Jue’s Yijing learning in which understanding the heart in depth and Treating knowledge and practice with equal importance in the Ming Dynasty

明代楊爵著有《周易辨錄》四卷。《周易辨錄》不同於一般傳注，乃楊爵繫獄體悟易理之作。該書僅闡釋六十四卦經傳文，所論不出君賢臣忠的觀點，看似充斥教條格言，無甚新意，但若結合楊爵詩文及時人相關評論，方能彰顯該書之價值。該書之作，乃楊爵遭逢不堪之冤獄，深刻覺察內心憤懣之情，透過自省及讀《易》、論《易》、解《易》，將《易》所論印證自家身心。楊爵在獄中與聶雙江、錢德洪論《易》，然異於二子以心學論《易》，而是歸宗程、朱，闡發主敬窮理之學。《周易辨錄》乃楊爵處逆境之作，為親身踐履易理之成果。不僅結合個人證悟以解《易》，並將易理踐履於人生經歷，落實知行一體的治《易》精神，亦印證《易》乃憂患之書，此正是楊爵《易》學的特色及貢獻所在。

In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Jue authored the book Zhouyibianlu. The book only explains the sixty-four trigrams of Yijing. It seems to be nothing more than the viewpoint of loyalty to the emperor, no wonder commented by the Officers in Academy for the Compilation of Sikuquanshu that he loyal minister is. However, if we combine Yang Jue’s poetry and related writings of his time, we can see that Yang Jue inherited the Cheng-Zhu School, affirming Cheng-Zhu’s viewpoint of pursuing the truth deeply, facing the limitations of his own temperament, making efforts to cultivate and accepting the plight of being wronged and imprisoned. Through self-examination, reading, discussing, and interpreting the Yijing, he faced his own body, mind, and soul, and was able to corroborate with what the Yijing had said. His mind and body were finally calmed, and at the same time he was able to prove that what the sages had said was true. Zhouyibianlu does not contain any resentment could be due to the very good self-awareness and strict cultivation. Yijing is the study of the body and the mind of a gentleman, and we can refer to Yang Jue’s personal experience in reading, speaking, and studying Yijing to advance our lives and establish our lives in peace. This is the characteristic of and contribution to the study of Yijing by Yang Jue.