存有論與政治之間：牟宗三與海德格的構想和反思

Between Ontology and Politics: On Mou Zongsan’s and Heidegger’s Plans and Reflections

牟宗三 (1909-1995) 與海德格 (Martin Heidegger, 1889-1976) 面對現代性國家與政治的問題，透過存有論的角度對國家進行了存有論的奠基。本文思考中西兩位大哲學家如何由存有論開展出政治面向，以及他們對於現代性、民主等之態度。基本上，他們都強調國家社會主義，但差異在於，牟宗三贊成民主，而海德格反對民主。對於科技時代，他們也都展現了批判的態度。他們對於政治的奠基，雖然不同於政治哲學家，但也由形上學的角度提供了深刻的洞見。

Faced with the issues of the state and politics in modernity, Mou Zongsan’s牟宗三(1909-1995) and Heidegger’s (1889-1976) views of the state are grounded in ontology. This article considers how the two great philosophers unfold the political dimension of ontology as well as their attitudes towards modernity and democracy. Basically, they both put forward national socialism and criticize the technology era; however, they depart in that Mou opts for democracy while Heidegger is opposed to democracy. Even though the way they lay the foundation for their politics differs from that of political philosophers, the insights we can gain from their ontological perspective remain noteworthy.