遺民‧逸民‧鄉紳：明遺民二代蕭伯升之家聲延續與志意詮釋

The Ming Loyalist, Hermit and Gentry: A Study of Xiao Bo-Sheng’s Approaches and Resolutions to the Preservation of Family Reputation as a Second-generation Ming Loyalist

明清易代帶來的社會文化之斷裂，如士紳家族的沒落、文人園林的毀壞，歷來備受學界矚目。然而，易代之後第二代家主／園主如何與世變浪潮來往交涉，也有頗為複雜的過渡面向值得探究。本文以江西泰和名士、明遺民蕭士瑋之嗣子蕭伯升為研究個案，析論其於易代之後編刻家集、賑濟贊助，以及園林營構等延續家聲的行動與書寫。從中可見，他能在父輩認同與新朝統治兩端，在遺民、逸民與鄉紳等身分之間取得平衡，使蕭氏家聲不因易代而斷絕，也從而體現明遺民二代的複雜生存情境。時人對其行動的稱述與詮釋，也反映了清初士人對於家族傳承、地方秩序、文人園林等議題的集體認同與書寫建構。雖然最終蕭氏家族仍因政治指控而消亡，其園林也步入就荒命運，其人面對時代巨輪之抵抗歷程仍然頗具動人張力與認識價值。

The sociocultural disruption brought by the transition from Ming to Qing, such as the decay of the gentry family and the destruction of the literati gardens, has always been the focus of academic attention. However, the issues concerning how the second-generation Ming loyalists deal with the vicissitudes of life also project a complicated transitional aspect that is worth exploring. Based on the case study of Xiao Bo-Sheng (蕭伯升), a well-known literatus from Taihe County in Jianxi province and the heir of Ming loyalist Xiao Shi-Wei (蕭士瑋), this paper analyzes his edited publication of the Xiao family collection and his practice of sponsoring charity and constructing gardens in the early Qing dynasty, during which he attempted to conserve his family reputation. As such, Xiao was able to form a balance between the acquiescence of his elder generation and the domination of a new dynasty, as well as to ossillate among the distinct roles of a Ming loyalist, a hermit, and a gentry. Xiao’s actions and writings not only preserve his family tradition, but also reveal the complex struggle for second-generation Ming loyalists. In addition, it is clear that the early Qing literati reflected on the notions of collective identity on and writings related to family inheritance, local order, and the literati garden were demonstrated through their depictions and interpretations of Xiao’s approaches. While the Xiao family was eventually eradicated due to political incrimination, and the family gardens doomed for desolation, Xiao’s resistance against Qing oppression still remains admirable and symbolic.