我國航運與船隊發展策略

Strategies for Developing Taiwan's Shipping Industry and National Fleet

國輪船隊及本國航商掌控船隊之噸位常被視為國家航運發展政策的重要指標。然因航運為國際化產業，航運業者得以將其所屬船舶登記為權宜船籍以降低成本，進而提升營運彈性及競爭力。傳統海運國家之權宜船比例相當高，我國亦不例外。各國為提升其國輪船噸或航商之競爭力，所採之航運發展政策常包括：租稅優惠、船員人力發展、提供金融支援及鼓勵在本國設營運總部等，但在爭取船舶登記及航商進駐上，仍面臨其他國家優惠政策之競爭。本研究以專家問卷及焦點訪談，探討航運政策之需求方（航商）及供給方（政府）之高階主管對12項航運政策之重要性及可行性，並作出優先施行、短中長期施行政策分析。據問卷結果再以SWOT分析及TOWS分析未來我國航運船隊發展之施政目標、施政方針及施政主軸，本研究建議我國航運政策目標可設定為「提升本國航商之競爭力」，但仍有必要維持一定數量的國輪船隊，二者應合併考量。期能提供航運政策決策及施行之參考。

The tonnage of national fleet and the fleet controlled by national shipping companies are often the key indicators of national shipping development policy. However, shipping industry is highly internationalized. Shipping companies are able to register their ships as flag of convenience in order to reduce their operating costs and enhance their business competitiveness. In order to enhance their national fleet tonnage and competition, and overcome the challenge of high percentage of flag of convenience, many traditional shipping states, including Taiwan, adopt certain shipping policies, such as taxation benefit, seafarers' development program, financing supporting scheme and business headquarters, etc. These policies still face competition from other states which also endeavor their efforts to induce more ship tonnage registration and encourage the establishment of business headquarters by shipping companies. This study explores the importance and the feasibility of 12 shipping policies through questionnaire and interviews of senior staffs from Taiwan's major shipping companies and government officers. It aims to work out implementation measures with their application priority. This study also adopts SWOT and TOWS analysis in order to offer the goal, the major strategies and the key measures of future shipping policy. This study suggests the goal of Taiwan's shipping policy to be ''enhance the competitiveness of Taiwan's shipping companies''. However, it is still necessary to maintain certain degree of national fleet for implementing national shipping policy. The study provides certain solutions aiming to provide reference for policy making and implementation.