晶圓廠區綠帶的鳥類行為在時間和空間上的動態變化

Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Bird Behavior in the Green Belt of the Fab Area

隨著經濟的發展，加速城市中綠地的消失與破碎化，而綠地是城市中的綠洲，提供野生動物在城市中的棲所。本研究目的在探討晶圓園區的綠帶環境，影響周邊環境鳥類組成、活動行為及繁殖狀況。透過整年的調查結果顯示竹科廠區和龍潭廠區，鳥類的組成皆以陸鳥為主，水鳥比例偏低。竹科Fab12A、Fab12B廠區總共記錄到22科31種鳥類，在廠區繁殖的鳥種有斯氏繡眼、白頭鵯、樹鵲、五色鳥、金背鳩、家燕、大卷尾、黑冠麻鷺、紅冠水雞9種，繁殖季在3月到6月。廠區Fab2/5、Fab3、Fab7總共記錄到19科23種鳥類，繁殖季則在2月到5月，築巢鳥種有白頭鵯、樹鵲、金背鳩、紅鳩、黑冠麻鷺、五色鳥、大卷尾7種。龍潭廠區總共記錄到21科29種鳥類，而築巢的鳥種有白頭鵯、金背鳩、褐頭鷦鶯和大卷尾四種，繁殖季在3月到5月。廠區內的鳥類會食用的植物種類有茄苳、樟樹、山櫻、榕樹、苦楝、銀樺、木棉等植物，其中又以苦楝和銀樺為鳥類最愛。龍潭廠區的活動熱點在被五節芒包圍的滯洪池；Fab12A、Fab12B廠區的活動熱點隨著植物物後改變；Fab2/5、Fab3、Fab7廠區的活動熱點主要在Fab3和Fab7廠區的道路兩側行道樹。從調查結果顯示，當綠帶中的植物種類和棲地種類的多樣性高時，即使綠帶面積不大，依舊可以提供許多鳥類棲息。期許未來在城市規劃中，在綠帶的植物種類的配置上能以提供野生動物所需來栽種，達到與野生動物共存共榮。

As the economy develops, green spaces are fragmenting and disappearing at an accelerated pace. Green spaces in cities are oases that provide habitats for wildlife. The purpose of this study was to investigate the composition, activities, and breeding status of birds in the green belts of the Fab area. The results of a year-long survey showed that the Hsinchu and Longtan Fabs were mainly composed of terrestrial birds, whereas the proportion of water birds was low. A total of 31 species of birds from 22 families were recorded in Hsinchu Fab12A and Fab12B. There were nine species of birds breeding in the Fab12A and B Fabs areas, including Zosterops japonicus, Pycnonotus sinensis, Dendrocitta formosae, Psilopogon nuchalis, Streptopelia orientalis orii, Hirundo rustica gutturalis, Dicrurus macrocercus, Gorsachius melanolophus, and Gallinula chloropus. The breeding season of these birds was recorded to be between March and June. Additionally, a total of 23 species of birds from 19 families were recorded in the Fab2/5, Fab3 and Fab7 areas. The breeding season was recorded to be from February till May. There were seven species of breeding birds, including Pycnonotus sinensis, Dendrocitta formosae, Streptopelia orientalis orii, Streptopelia tranquebarica humili, Gorsachius melanolophus, Psilopogon nuchalis, and Dicrurus macrocercus. A total of 29 species of birds from 21 families and four species of breeding birds, including Pycnonotus sinensis, Streptopelia orientalis orii, Dicrurus macrocercus, and P. flavirostris, were recorded in the Longtan Fab area. The breeding season of these birds was recorded to be between March till May. The birds in the Fab area eat plant species, such as Bischofia javanica, Cinnamomum camphora, Cerasus serrulata, Ficus microcarpa, Melia azedarach, Grevillea robusta, and Bombax ceiba. However, the birds preferred eating the Melia azedarach and Grevillea robusta species the most. The activity hotspots in the 2 Longtan Fab areas were the flood pond surrounded by Miscanthus floridulus; the activity of birds in the hotspots in the Fab12A and Fab12B areas changed with the phytophenology; and, the activity hotspots in Fab2/5, Fab3 and Fab7 areas were mainly on trees on both sides of the streets at Fab3 and Fab7, respectively. From the survey results, we can observe that when the diversity of plant species and habitat types in green belts is high, even if the green belts are small, they can still provide habitats for many birds. In the future, we hope that with urban planning, green belts can be planted to provide for the needs of wildlife, and to ensure peaceful coexistence and co-prosperity.