打開黑盒子：冷戰時期的臺灣與印尼關係發展（1949–1971）

Unpacking the Black Box: The Taiwan and Indonesia Relationship in the Cold War (1949–1971)

傳統的冷戰研究強調大國之間的對立與競爭，認為中小型國家只能在不同的大國間選擇扈從或抗衡。本文藉由回顧前人研究，以及分析中華民國外交部機密檔案，認為1965年之前臺灣印尼雙邊關係的確符合傳統冷戰研究的解釋。但1965年之後，臺灣與印尼藉由稻米案與聯合國會籍案展開協商，雙方最後達成協議並在1970/1971年互設商務代表機構。臺灣印尼雙邊關係的轉變顯示即使是冷戰期間，中小型國家的外交仍有一定的自主空間。

Conventional studies on the Cold War concentrate on the competition between leading countries. They argue that small to medium countries had no role other than to choose which countries to take side with. This article, mainly based on previous studies and the newly declassified archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in ROC, displays the diplomatic ability of small to medium countries (Taiwan and Indonesia) in the Cold War.
This study’s findings on the pre-1965 Taiwan-Indonesia relationship basically concurs with the arguments of conventional studies. Both Taiwan and Indonesia associated little with each other because they allied with the US and PRC respectively. However, the G930 incident in 1965 provided Taiwan and Indonesia an opportunity to build up their relationship. Through negotiating a rice deal and UN membership in 1966–1967, Taiwan and Indonesia reached a certain level of mutual trust. Eventually, Taiwan exported rice to Indonesia in 1968 and Indonesia was absent or abstained in the four pro-PRC UN membership resolutions (2389, 2500, 2642, and 2758) in 1968-1971. Both countries also agreed to establish trade offices in Jakarta (1970) and Taipei (1971). The transformation of the Taiwan-Indonesia relationship after 1965 shows that small to medium countries had their own roles even in the period of the Cold War.