東港現代商業階層的形成

The Making of the Modern Business Hierarchy in Donggang

本文聚焦小區域歷史地理發展，探討東港是如何從小漁村發展成現代西南區域中心的過程，並討論東港港口機能轉變，與社會經濟網絡發展脈絡相互關係，運用區位理論與中地論點，檢驗東港作為中地展演場。其影響東港的中地型態，包含歷史、地理、資源、交通因素與近代大環境對漁獲大量需求的轉變，在人文的活動中形成屬性與機能差異的三區位：一、漁獲製造輔助專業的西南側漁業區；二、具區域服務機能的餐飲、社會醫療保健、零售批發、金融與法律工商服務等四大主要中地機能的中心商業區；三、工業散布的過渡區，屬製造業與交通輔助性機能居多。三區現代發展漸與原有人口分布、港口機能、舊通商口街道經濟模式、歷史背景與地理限制迴異，並且逐漸打開市街機能與服務圈，漁業型態、交通、經濟模式呈現市鎮機能中心性遷移現象。功能性交換整合觀點，正透過商業的擴張與改變，不斷分化、變形與內部重整，並重新結構東港對應內外環境轉變的調適，使本區在溝渠散布，形成破碎的地理基礎上的不均衡發展(uneven developmen)，透過先後經濟流動，使早先中地輪廓扭曲變形與進而漸趨向整合。從漁業到商業服務、港口到內陸鄉鎮發展，區辨了東港商業自身中心性與邊緣的二元性。再以漁業經濟所發展的中地服務路線，做為侵入內陸發展中地的聚落，在東港現代商業過程，極短的時間軸產生劇烈的變化，卻在各種不同作用基礎上形成，東港中心性遷移現象，正如姜道章(2004)所言歷史發展過程中，經濟區域可能會改變其中心、外圍區及結構，具有擴張或縮小其區域範圍的性質，同時其中心也會移動，東港正是個鮮明案例，透過外部經濟性深化影響及內部的社會一致性認同，二者共同蛻變而成。

This paper focuses on the historical and geographic development of a small region, Donggang, which transformed from a small fishing village into a modern southwestern regional center. It also discusses the function of Donggang port and the interrelationship of the transformation of Donggang as a port and the development of a social economic network using location theory and central place theory. Central place theory applied to Donggang includes changes in history, geography, natural resources, traffic factors, and the large demand for fishing in the modern economic environment. There are three areas, distinct in their attributes and functions: 1. The southwestern fishery area specializing in fish catching; 2. The four main central business regions service functions including catering, social health care, retail, wholesale, finance, and legal and business services; 3. The transitional area of industrial dispersion dominated by manufacturing and transportation auxiliary functions. The modern development of the three districts has gradually changed the original population distribution, port functions, economic models of the old streets and commercial areas, historical background, and geographical restrictions. Gradually, market functions and service circles, fishery patterns, transportation, and economic models have presented the phenomenon of central migration of municipal functions and functional exchanges of integrated viewpoints. Through the expansion and change of businesses, there is continual differentiation, transformation, and internal reorganization, and Donggang is restructured to adapt to changes in the internal and external environments. This area is scattered in ditches, forming uneven development on the basis of broken geography. Through successive economic flows, the contours of the earlier central regions have been distorted and gradually integrated, developing from fisheries to commercial services, and from ports to the interior. The development distinguishes the duality between the centrality and the periphery of Donggang commerce itself. The service route developed by the fishery economy as a settlement invading the inland developing areas has undergone dramatic changes in the modern business process of Donggang in a very short period of time, but has formed on the basis of various functions, similar to the phenomenon of central migration, as reported by Jiang (2004). In the process of historical development, economic regions may change their centers, and structures, and have the nature of expanding or narrowing their regional scope. At the same time, their centers will also move. This is a clear case of being transformed through the deepening influence of the external economy and internal social identity.