我國破産重整制度的多維解構及其改進

Multidimensional Deconstruction of China's Bankruptcy Reorganization System and Its Improvement

破産重整制度的理論源頭可上溯到美國破産法兩個“四十年”的發展，轉機管理實踐與不完全契約理論可作為美國破産重整的現代闡釋。我國破産重整制度可從立法者、操作者、權利者、司法者及行政者五個維度進行解構。從立法者維度解構，歷經立法理念的兩次飛躍，現行重整制度主要汲取了美國重整制度，但出現制度異化與現實問題需要制度改進。從操作者維度解構，重整操作模式包括經管債務人的操作模式以及破産管理人的操作模式。應當建立以經管債務人為原則的接管制度，激勵債務人及時啓動重整程序。從權利者維度解構，營商環境優化對重整制度提出了新要求，債權人保護問題應得到重視。從司法者維度解構，重整制度及實踐存在司法介入主義傾向，司法者應扮演好裁判者的角色。從行政者維度解構，行政者在重整程序中應明確公共服務者的定位，推動府院協調機制制度化及其機構專責化。

The theoretical origins of the bankruptcy reorganization system can be traced back to two ''forty years'' of development of the U. S. bankruptcy law, and the practice of turnaround management and incomplete contract theory can be used as modern interpretations of the U. S. bankruptcy reorganization. The bankruptcy reorganization system in China can be deconstructed from five dimensions: legislator, operator, right holder, judiciary and executive. Deconstructed from the legislator's perspective, after two leaps in legislative philosophy, the current reorganization system is mainly based on the U. S. reorganization system, but there is a need to improve the system due to institutional alienation and practical problems. Deconstructed from the operator's perspective, the reorganization operation model includes the operation model of the debtor in possession and the operation model of the bankruptcy administrator. A receivership system based on the principle of debtor in possession should be established to motivate debtors to start reorganization proceedings in a timely manner. Deconstructed from the right holder's perspective, the optimization of business environment has put forward new requirements for the reorganization system, and the protection of creditors should be emphasized. Deconstructed from the judiciary's perspective, there is a tendency of judicial interventionism in the reorganization system and practice, and the judiciary should play the role of referee well. Deconstructed from the executive's perspective, the executive should clearly define its role as a public servant in the reorganization process, and promote the institutionalization of the government- court coordination mechanism and the special responsibility of agencies.