論作為行政行為依據的地方性法規被糾錯的法律效果

On Legal Effect of Local Regulations Corrected as Basis of Administrative Acts

正確適用法律規範依據是行政行為的合法性要件之一。地方性法規是行政行為的法律規範依據之一，但卻可能出現抵觸上位法和更新不及時這兩種違反上位法的情形。由於違法性的形成時間節點不同，地方性法規被糾錯的法律效果以及由此帶來的後續處理思路、方法、程序和價值取向等大有不同。糾錯行為旨在維護法律規範的安定性和建立在此基礎上的法律秩序安定性，後續對行政行為的糾正也是在維護法律安定性。國際上，主權行為豁免逐步受到限制已是大勢所趨，政治問題和法律問題的界限逐漸被釐清，立法責任特別是立法賠償已經逐步建立健全並被建議引入我國。通過因適用法規錯誤而撤銷行政行為或因沒有依據而確定行政行為無效是兩種實現行政責任的救濟方式，通過立法機關道歉、立法賠償和行政行為撤回等方式也可落實立法責任。通過原始抵觸與更新不及時、授益性和負擔性、利益增减為區分標準的三個層級結構進行的類型化，有利於從理念、原則、規則等方面更好理解糾錯行為的法律效果並指導後續處理工作。

The correct application of legal norms is one of the legal requirements of administrative actions. Local regulation is a type of legal normative basis for administrative actions, but there may be two situations that violate the norms of higher level , namely, conflict with the norms of higher level or not updated timely. Due to the different timing of the formation of illegality, the legal effect of error-correction and the follow- up processing ideas, methods, procedures and value orientations therefrom are greatly different. Correction behavior aims at maintaining the stability of legal norms and the stability of the legal order thereon, and subsequent correction of administrative behaviors is also to maintain legal stability herein. It is an international trend that sovereign act immunity is gradually restricted. The boundary between political and legal issues has been clarified. Legislative responsibility, especially legislative compensation, has been gradually established and perfected and is recommended to be introduced into China. Two remedies for realizing administrative responsibility are the revocation of administrative actions due to errors in applicable laws or the invalidation of administrative actions due to lack of basis. Legislative responsibilities can also be implemented by means of apology by the legislature, compensation by legislation, and withdrawal of administrative actions. The typification of the three-level structure with the original conflict and untimely updated, the benefit and burden, and the increase and decrease of benefits as the distinguishing criteria increases the understanding of its legeal effect and be conducive to guide the follow- up processing from the perspectives of concepts, principles, and rules.