環境法損害擔責原則法理基礎的經濟與社會論證

Economic and Social Arguments for Jurisprudential Basis of Principle of Liability for Damages in Environmental Law

損害擔責原則作為環境法基本原則，其經濟維度的基礎是污染行為的負外部性，經濟學上的負外部性概念轉化為法律上的負外部性，意指行為人因合法或非法的行為損害了他人、社會的權利或受法律保護的利益而應承擔法律上的義務和（或）責任。損害擔責原則採用了整體主義的法律觀，通過運用私法、公法以及公私混合法來解决污染行為的負外部性問題。損害擔責原則社會維度的基礎在於環境社會連帶關係與環境利益衝突、社會公共環境福利、人類追求良好生態環境及追究污染環境違法行為的情感與欲求。

As a fundamental principle of environmental law, the principle of liability for damage sets its economic dimension foundation on the negative externality of pollution behavior. The concept of negative externality in economics transplanted into legal fields is that the actor shall bear legal obligations and/or responsibilities because his/her legal or illegal acts have harmed the rights or interests protected by laws of others and the society. The principle adopts a legal view of collectivism and solves the negative externality of pollution behavior by using private law, public law and public- private mixed law. The social dimension of the principle lies in environmental social association and environmental interest conflicts, social public environmental welfares, and emotions and desires that human beings pursuing good ecological environment and punishing violations of environmental pollution.