科學配置民事訴訟第一審程序的邏輯起點

Logical Starting Point of Scientific Configuration of First Trial Procedure of Civil Litigation

第十三届全國人大常委會第二十二次會議通過的《關於修改〈中華人民共和國民事訴訟法〉的决定》第（九）項至第（十三）項對小額訴訟程序作了重要的修改和補充，凸顯了小額訴訟程序固有的程序特質，使其與簡易程序、普通程序一道體系化地構成了民事訴訟第一審程序。在第一審訴訟程序的配置上，修改後的《民事訴訟法》承襲了1982年《民事訴訟法（試行）》以來陳陳相因的“簡單的民事案件簡易審理”的法理邏輯。“簡單的民事案件簡易審理”不僅有違民事訴訟程序分層的基本原理，也不符合民事訴訟運行的內在規律。由於訴訟標的額彰顯了當事人需要裁判保護的實體權益並且具有易為當事人識別、法院判斷的外部特質，科學配置民事訴訟第一審程序應以訴訟標的額的大小為邏輯起點。

The Civil Procedure Law (Revised Draft) modifies the conditions for the application of summary proceedings and adds the special norms of small claims proceedings, but it still follows the idea that simple civil cases are the application objects of summary procedure and small claims court in the configuration of first-instance procedure in the current Civil Procedure Law. ''Simple summary trial of civil cases'' not only violates the basic principle of the stratification of the procedure of first instance of civil litigation, but also does not accord with the basic law of the operation of civil litigation. Based on the intrinsic nature of the entity's rights and interests that need to be protected by adjudication and the external nature of the party's identification and court judgment, the scientific allocation of the procedure of first instance should take the subject matter of action as the logical starting point.