民訴法修改背景下的訴訟費用改革

Reform of Litigation Costs in Context of Revision of Civil Procedure Law

本次民訴法修法將民事案件繁簡分流和訴訟程序簡化作為主要目標，實現了對訴訟資源的首次調節。但修法目標能否最終實現，尚取决於對訴訟資源的二次調節，要借助訴訟成本與費用機制工具，激勵當事人做出正確的程序選擇。在訴訟費用方面，還要最大限度降低利用簡易程序、小額程序和在線審理案件的訴訟成本，實行優惠的收費標準；對於普通程序審理的案件，當事人應最大限度負擔訴訟費用，以反映實際訴訟成本。同時，還要兼顧訴訟費用的激勵功能和懲罰功能，確立“以敗訴者負擔為原則，以制裁濫訴為輔助”的訴訟費用負擔標準，保持司法供給與司法需求兩者的均衡。

The revision of the Civil Procedure Law in 2021 took the separation of complicated and simple civil cases as well as the simplification of litigation procedure as the main target, achieving the first adjustment of lawsuit resources. However, whether the goal of this amendment can be realized still depends on the secondary adjustment of lawsuit resources which should motivate parties to make appropriate procedural choices through the mechanism of litigation fee and cost. In terms of lawsuit cost, the expense of simple procedure, small procedure and online litigation shall be minimized by imposing concessional standards; for cases using ordinary procedure, litigants should bear the litigation cost to the maximum extent to reflect the actual lawsuit cost. At the same time, it is also necessary to take into account the incentive and punitive function of lawsuit cost, establishing the fee standards as ''the loser bears for the principle and the abusive bears for auxiliary'', in order to balance the judicial supply and judicial demand.