認識網絡犯罪：基於類型思維的二元視角

Understanding Cybercrime: A Binary Perspective Based on Type Thinking

概念思維的侷限性使網絡犯罪的概念界定困難且意義有限，而多元、動態的類型思維能夠為認識網絡犯罪提供更為全面的視角。當前學界對網絡犯罪類型的研究均有一定的不足之處。從犯罪的經驗類型與規範類型之二元視角出發，可以將網絡犯罪進行多層劃分。網絡犯罪的經驗類型包括針對計算機系統的犯罪、數據犯罪、計算機工具、程序犯罪以及與網絡內容高度相關的犯罪。以此為基礎，結合法益論從規範角度又可將網絡犯罪分為侵害公法益的網絡犯罪與侵害私法益的網絡犯罪、實害網絡犯罪與危險網絡犯罪、作為網絡犯罪與不作為網絡犯罪以及純正網絡犯罪與不純正網絡犯罪。

The limitation of conceptual thinking makes it difficult to define the concept of cybercrime, its significance is limited too. However, multiple and dynamic typological thinking can provide a more comprehensive perspective for understanding cybercrime. There are some shortcomings in the present research on the types of cyber crime. From the dual perspective of experience type and norm type of crime, cybercrime can be divided into multiple categories. Experience types include crimes against computer systems, data crimes, computer tools and program crimes, and crimes that are highly related to web content. Based on experience types and the theory of legal interest, cybercrimes can be divided from norm perspective as following: cybercrimes that infringe public legal interest and cybercrimes that infringe private legal interest, real damage cybercrimes and potential damage cybercrimes, positive cybercrimes and negative cybercrimes, pure cybercrimes and non- pure cybercrimes.