雙層結構下智能合約條款的建構路徑

Path of Constructing Smart Contract Clauses Under A Two-Tier Structure

智能合約有廣義與狹義之分。狹義智能合約僅指“if A then B”的“自動履行條款”，在私法上屬於法律行為中的負擔行為。廣義智能合約由“自動履行條款”和“非履行條款”組成。“自動履行條款”的强制履行功能有違意思自治，應受到使用規則與技術的雙重限制。“非履行條款”雖不直接關涉義務履行，但絕對去中心的交易模式，導致當事人有財産權益受損之虞。改“去中心化”為“弱中心化”，保留適度監管，為“非履行條款”使用者提供必要的權利救濟，能夠在犧牲部分交易效率的情况下，保證智能合約的使用安全。

Smart Contracts have both broad meaning and narrow meaning. In the narrow sense, smart contracts are the automatic performance clause if A then B rules, which is the Verpflichtungsgeschäfte in private law. In the broad sense, smart contracts consist of automatic performance clause and non- performance clause, The compulsory performance function of automatic performance clause violates the autonomy of will and should be subject to the dual restrictions of using rules and technology. Although the non-performance clause is not directly related to the performance of obligations, the decentralized transaction may leads to the risk of the parties' property rights. Changing decentralization to weak-centralization, retaining appropriate supervision, and providing necessary right remedy for users of non-performance clause, can make smart contracts safe to use by compromising part of transaction efficiency.