南澳與東津：東港王船形制與歷史溯源之研究

Nanao and Dongjing: A Study on the Prototypes and Historical Retrospect of the Donggang Wangye Boat

自1973年東港東隆宮成立王船組起，便定期召集約百位承襲1920年代木製漁船工藝的造船師傅，並按實際建造木船之工法與週期性組成志願工班，合作完成每三年一科之東港王船。此為臺灣極少數目前尚在運作的木造船工班，雖堅持傳統迄今，卻面臨師傅年邁、後繼無人的危機。本文透過文獻與日治初期公部門檔案進行彙整梳理，分析南澳船、福船、廣船分別於中國、馬來西亞、臺灣等三地的研究現況，以及東港王船造形、材質與工藝技術的演進。
研究發現，東港首艘木王船的設計參考原型，即現存於東港東隆宮二樓之兩艘清代小型南澳船，可由日治初期東港郊商的互動與米穀貿易的紀錄中，印證當地耆老對東港南澳船的口述歷史，即同安船為19世紀福船系統中最重要的船隻。由於當時官方和民間均廣泛採用此種船型，並盛行於江、浙、閩、粵海域，此地緣關係可能對南澳地區民間造船廠產生影響。另又於國立故宮博物院藏清代奏摺檔案發現兩張同安梭船之彩繪圖，與東港東隆宮兩艘溫王船（南澳船）之外形具有高度相似，故推測系屬廣船系統的南澳船應亦受福船所影響。

Since its assembly of a Wangye boat construction crew in 1973, the Donggang Donglong Temple has regularly convened approximately 100 naval architects who inherited the craft of reconstructing 1920’s wooden fishing boats. The naval architects form a voluntary crew that completes a Donggang Wangye boat every 3 years by using the construction methods commonly practiced in the current period. The wooden shipbuilding crew comprises one of the last active craftsmen in Taiwan. Although the shipbuilding crew continues to adhere to the shipbuilding tradition, they now face an existential crisis of aging craftsmen with no successors. By compiling and sorting the relevant literature and investigating the archival documents from the Japanese rule in Taiwan, the present researchers analyzed the characteristics of Nanao ships, Fujian ships, and Canton ships in China, Malaysia, and Taiwan, respectively, and the evolution of the shape, material, and craftsmanship of the Donggang Wangye boat.
This study found that the first wooden King Boat in Donggang was designed on the basis of two small Nanao ships of the Qing dynasty, which are now preserved and located on the second floor of the Donggang Donglong Temple. The oral history of the Donggang Nanao ship from the local elders was verified using records from merchants in the suburbs of Donggang and rice valley traders who lived during the early days of the Japanese rule. The analysis revealed that the Tongan Ship was the most important type of ship in the Fujian ship system in the 19th Century. The use of the ship by both the government and the private sector and its prevalence in the waters of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong may have influenced the private shipwrights in their geographical neighbor, Nanao. Additionally, two painted pictures of Tongan shuttle ships that date to the Qing dynasty were found in the archives of the National Palace Museum and were similar in shape of the two Wangye boats (Nanao ships) in the Donggang Donglong Temple. Therefore, the design of the Nanao ship may have also been influenced by the design of the Fujian Ship.