元儒陳櫟《書集傳纂疏》對蔡沈《書集傳》的「羽翼」與「發明」

Chenli's auxiliary interpretation and innovation for Caishen's ''Shu Ji Zhuan''

元儒陳櫟《書集傳纂疏》乃宋元《書》學集成之作。陳櫟早年所撰《書解折衷》初步羽翼蔡沈《書集傳》，對其多有疑異駁正。延祐科考後撰《書集傳纂疏》在吸收《書解折衷》的基礎上，一仍早年治《書》理念，纂集、汲取宋元諸家《書》說，從釋訓詁、史實、地理、名物、制度、解章意等諸方面全面疏解《蔡傳》：或「考《蔡傳》之本」、或「闕《蔡傳》之疑」、或「論《蔡傳》之優」、或「補《蔡傳》之缺」、或「駁《蔡傳》之非」，說多有理有據，頗有真知灼見。其對《蔡傳》多有「羽翼發明」、「增益補闕」，並没有因為延祐科考《書》用《蔡傳》而改變其《書》學初衷。故四庫館臣所謂「是書之作乃於《蔡傳》有所増補，無所駁正，與其舊説迥殊」的說法，實屬未察。

Chenli, a Confucian scholar in the Yuan Dynasty, whose writings Shu Ji Zhuan Zuan Shu is the masterpiece of Shang Shu study in the Song and Yuan Dynasty. In the early years, Chenli wrote Shu Jie Zhe Zhong, preliminarily interpreted Caishen's Shu Ji Zhuan, doubting and criticizing it a lot. Cheli created Shu Ji Zhuan Zuan Shu after 1315, based on the absorption for Shu Jie Zhe Zhong, he still inherited his ideas for Shang Shu study. Specifically, Chenli has taken many scholars' opinions into account, interpreting Shu Ji Zhuan from many aspects, such as exegetics, history, geography, natural history, institution and the explanation for each chapter in Shang Shu. Sometimes he examines the root of Shu Ji Zhuan, sometimes he doubts Shu Ji Zhuan, sometimes he discuss the advantages of Shu Ji Zhuan, sometimes he criticizes Shu Ji Zhuan. His interpretations are reasonable, even insightful to some degree, such auxiliary interpretations have helped people understand Shu Ji Zhuan more deeply and deepen the understanding for Caishen's book. Therefore, Chenli does not change his original ideas for Shang Shu study although Shu Ji Zhuan has been adopted as the textbook in the imperial examination. To sum up, the editors of Complete Library of Four Branches of Books are not aware of Chenli's contribution for Shang Shu study, since they consider Shu Ji Zhuan Zuan Shu as only supplement for Shu Ji Zhuan, lacking of criticizing and correction, and it is totally different from what he has pointed out in his old book Shu Jie Zhe Zhong.