遠距工作之職業衛生問題與管理政策初探

Occupational Health Problems and Management Policies of Telework

資通訊科技（Information and Communications Technology, ICT）的發達讓遠距工作變得更可行和便利，然而遠距工作亦衍生負面後果，例如：工作與生活界線模糊以及孤立所產生之心理壓力等。本文以英國、歐盟、日本及美國為對象，搜尋與遠距工作相關之關鍵字，彙整他國針對遠距工作風險所關注之重點及因應對策，提出我國管理之建議。
經研析發現，各國在遠距工作的管理做法上略有不同。例如：英國安全衛生署強調雇主需為居家工作者執行風險評估，並依評估結果採取因應措施。歐盟關注遠距工作者工作與生活間的平衡，除了立法要求工作時間及條件外，也建議雇主應劃清兩者的界線。日本厚生勞動省強調，雇主在執行遠距工作前，須先與勞工協議工作內容及工作績效評估方法，避免勞工長時間工作，並採取確保勞工良好心理狀況的措施。美國聯邦政府建議，在實施遠距工作前，應先擬定遠距工作計畫，並指定人員負責遠距工作的管理，確保遠距工作實施前先做成協議並完成培訓。
國際上對於遠距工作者之職業安全衛生有不同的關注重點及執行策略，例如：工作者權利、適性評估，以及對同住者的安全及健康影響等。建議我國可參考他國的做法，建立遠距工作的職業健康風險評估、健康諮詢與管理模式，以因應遠距工作普及化所帶來的職業安全衛生問題。

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has made remote work more feasible and convenient. However, there are negative consequences associated with telework, such as blurred lines between work and life and the psychological stress of isolation. This study focuses on countries like the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan, and the United States. We searched with keywords related to teleworking and summarized the possible risks and preventive measures. This article presents management policy recommendations for Taiwan.
This study found that most countries have adopted different policies for teleworkers. For example, the UK Health and Safety Executive emphasizes that employers must conduct risk assessments for home workers and take measures based on the results. The European Union focuses on maintaining a work-life balance for teleworkers. In addition to legislative requirements for working hours and conditions, it also recommends that employers should raise the awareness of disconnection. The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare in Japan emphasizes the necessity of reaching an agreement on work content and evaluation methods with teleworkers before starting the telework policy. The employer must take measures to ensure that the workers are in good psychological condition. The US Federal Government recommends that a telework plan be drawn up and specified before implementing the telework. A telework manager manages the workforce, ensuring that workers complete training and protocols prior to telework.
There is different implementation focus and practice worldwide, such as workers’rights, whether they are suitable for telework and how to protect people living with them. It is recommended that our government establish measures such as an occupational health risk assessment model for new types of work and a health consultation and management system for teleworkers. These measures will help the government to respond to the emerging occupational safety and health problems caused by the telework.