設計與舞蹈的交融-包浩斯《三元芭蕾》的設計意涵

The Fusion of Design and Dance: The Design Implications of Bauhaus “Triadic Ballet”

包浩斯劇場《三元芭蕾》（Triadic ballet）是奧斯卡・史來莫（Oskar Schlemmer）最富盛名的舞台作品。本研究首先從奧斯卡・史來莫的藝術涵養、《三元芭蕾》的設計意涵及創作模式、觀眾觀賞體驗模式進行相關的文獻探討後，分析三元芭蕾的藝術編碼方式並重現《三元芭蕾》片段作品，於觀眾觀賞後，調查分析觀眾對作品的解碼過程。本研究以《三元芭蕾》每幕中的第一段作為研究樣本，並採用問卷調查，運用T檢定、多元迴歸等量化檢定方式，研究觀眾的觀賞體驗；主要目的為探討《三元芭蕾》的評估矩陣以及研究觀眾的觀賞體驗。本研究結果再現了百年前《三元芭蕾》的現代風華；《三元芭蕾》是由形狀、顏色、空間的核心概念與動作、服裝、舞台的形式設計所交織建構的九項要素編碼而成，而觀眾對《三元芭蕾》的觀賞體驗則可透過九項評估要素對應到核心概念、藝術涵養、形式設計的創作模式與技術、語意、效果三個藝術傳播層次的藝術解碼過程。奧斯卡・史來莫將舞蹈理念應用在幾何形狀、色彩表達與空間呈現的形式表現，不僅蘊含包浩斯的美學觀念，也結合華特・格羅佩斯（Walter Gropius）對總體藝術實踐的理念；其所展現純粹、邏輯、嚴謹卻不失感性的動態藝術作品《三元芭蕾》，無疑是為講求跨領域藝術的現在一個最好的跨域典範。

The Bauhaus Theater “Triadic ballet” is Oskar Schlemmer’s most prestigious stage work. This research first analyzes the art coding method of the ternary ballet and reproduces the artistic coding method of the ternary ballet after discussing the relevant literature from the creative concept of Oskar Schlemmer, the design meaning and creative mode of “Triadic ballet”, and the audience viewing experience mode. After the audience watched the fragments of works, the audience’s decoding process of the works was investigated. This study uses the first paragraph of each of the three acts of “Triadic ballet” as the research sample. Questionnaire surveys and quantitative verification methods such as T test and multiple regression were adopted to study the audience’s viewing experience. The main purpose is to explore the evaluation matrix of “Triadic ballet”, and study the audience’s viewing experience as well as the key factors of the audience’s preference for the work and creative feelings. The results of this research reproduce the modern elegance of the 100-year-old “Triadic ballet”; the art code of “Triadic ballet” is composed of the core concepts of shape, color and space, and the form design of action, clothing, and stage. The audience’s viewing experience is the decoding process of the nine elements through the three-level creation mode （core concept, artistic connotation, and formal design） of the “Triadic ballet” and the three levels of technology, semantics, and effects of art dissemination.