「林務局之惡聲狼籍，布於全島」：二二八事件前後的臺灣林業

“Notoriety of the Forestry Bureau Blanketing the Island”: Forestry in Taiwan before and after February 28 Incident

本文以戰後初期的臺灣林業為中心，探討二二八事件如何牽動國家、社會與環境間的關係，嘗試賦予該事件的環境史意涵。本文主張，為了打造當時歐美林學界視為正統與主流的大一統林業體制，行政長官公署林務局傾向與日治末期以來逐漸在臺灣林業中站穩腳跟的臺籍業者結盟。被排除者自然心生不滿，甚至行政長官公署內部亦有微詞。在二二八事件中，不僅有「流氓」與「匪徒」毆打林務官員，亦有「莠民」伺機盜伐與盜墾森林；與之同時，在行政長官公署中亦出現「林務局過於龐大臃腫、須予以瓦解、再行重建」的呼聲。臺灣省政府成立後，主席魏道明任命康乃爾大學水利工程學博士唐振緒（1911-2003）負責林業的重建。唐振緒的第一步便是與行政長官公署林務局劃清界線。他稱該局因與業者結盟而「惡聲狼藉［籍］」，向其宣戰。至1960年為止，臺灣林業陷入國家與社會關係高度緊張、林業主管機關反覆更動、森林濫伐與盜伐頻傳的黑暗時代。

This essay focuses on forestry in early postwar Taiwan, examining how the February 28 Incident shaped and was shaped by the relationships between society, environment and the state, while unearthing the Incident’s implications in environmental history. In order to maintain a unified and totalized forestry regime favored by the forestry community in Europe and North America, the Forestry Bureau of the Chief Executive Office was inclined to ally with local forestry practitioners. Those who were excluded from this regime grew dissatisfied, and there were criticisms within the Chief Executive Office. The February 28 Incident opened the floodgate for the dissents. During the Incident, not only did“thugs”and“bandits”attack forest officials,“unruly people”also swarmed into national forests for illegal logging and cultivation. Meanwhile, in the Chief Executive Office, there emerged the argument that“the Forestry Bureau had become too large and inflexible, and should be broken down and restructured.”After the establishment of the Taiwan Provincial Government, Governor Dao-Ming Wei entrusted Zhenxu Tang (1911-2003), who received his PhD in Hydraulic Engineering and Transportation Engineering from the Cornell University, with the reconstruction of the forestry industry. Tang’s first step was to draw a clear line between his new forestry regime and the Forestry Bureau. Claiming that the Bureau had been“notorious”for its alliance with Taiwanese forestry practitioners, he thus declared war on them. Until 1960, Taiwan’s forestry was in a dark age characterized by high tension between the state and society, incessant changes in forestry authorities, as well as deforestation and illegal logging.