亞洲國家大型運動賽會之共同邊界分析與策略績效管理

Asian nations’metafrontier analysis and strategic performance management in mega sports events

緒論：奧林匹克運動會與帕拉林匹克運動會因應新冠肺炎疫情延期至2021 年，大型運動賽會的精神與力量必須延續，運動對於世界各國有著至關重要的影響。本研究透過資料包絡分析法與共同邊界投射實際生產點所對應的群組邊界至共同邊界，衡量與量化奧運效率的研究缺口，同時根據一般和特定競爭國家進行客觀分析。方法：研究發展一個策略績效管理，分析1992 年至2020 年期間85 個國家參賽效率，以及亞洲國家連續參加八屆奧林匹克運動會與帕拉林匹克運動會的效率和差距趨勢。結果：研究顯示群組邊界方法為效率低的亞洲國家提供更好的差異化能力；共同邊界分析呈現效率優越的亞洲國家顯著鑑別力。結論：七個亞洲國家的生產力與永續策略經由長期監控顯現，中國、日本、中華臺北呈現上升趨勢，國家運動資本永續策略強勢。研究總結主辦國家積極影響力、特色運動、和女性運動員能力等重要屬性。針對亞洲國家展示可持續提升奧林匹克運動會與帕拉林匹克運動會生產力的四種型態。

Introduction: The Olympic and Paralympic Games were delayed until 2021 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the spirit and strength of these mega sports events should continue, and the world's nations have an important influence on the sports world. This study aimed to examine and quantify the gap in Olympic efficiency, as projected by the group frontier and metafrontier, through data envelopment analysis and metafrontier approaches. Using both frontiers, we simultaneously conducted an objective analysis based on general and specific nations. Methods: We developed a systematic strategic performance management system to evaluate 85 nations’ efficiency globally and to analyze the tendencies exhibited by the efficiencies and gaps among eight Asian nations that regularly participated in eight consecutive Olympic and Paralympic Games from 1992 to 2020. Results: We indicated that the group frontier approach provides better differentiation power for Asian nations with low efficiencies. The metafrontier analysis, however, demonstrated salient discrimination against Asian nations with superior efficiencies. Conclusion: Through long-term tracking, the efficiency and sustainable strategies of seven Asian nations were shown. China, Japan, and Chinese Taipei show upward trends, a sustainable social capital strategy in sports, and strength. We also discussed several attributes emerging from these results of host nations’ positive influence, the feature sport, and female athletes’ power. For Asian nations, we demonstrated four types of sustainable efficiency improvement in the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games.