奧運會永續發展議題初探

Inquiry Study of Some Sustainability Issues in Olympic Games

運動是一種實現聯合國推動可持續發展目標（SDGs）的途徑。許多研究證實：運動對於實現 SDGs 的策略，具有價值、貢獻和潛力。國際奧林匹克委員會（IOC）提出了「IOC 永續發展策略」。該倡議始於 1992 年，也正式出版2018-2021 的「IOC 永續報告」。本文據此探討 SDG 5「性別平等和賦予所有婦女和女孩權力」相關案例，研究證實 SDGs 指標能夠連結基於性別的運動參與。另外，也討論 SDG 11：可持續的城市和社區，包括運動設施與考慮社區的多樣性。IOC 的可持續性目標觀點，包括 IOC 作為一個組織，IOC 作為奧運會的所有者，以及 IOC 在奧林匹克運動中的重要角色。此外，舉辦奧運會的城市也能促進傳承可持續發展的奧運會資產。然而，研究評鑑顯示：1992-2020 年的奧林匹克運動會的可持續性是中等的水準。本文探究總結奧運會和運動組織如何以運動為媒介，在生態、濟和社會領域參與實現性別平等和可持續性的建議。

One of the ways to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) created by the United Nations is through sport. As discussed in many pieces of research, the sport has values, contributions, and potential as a means of reaching the 17 goals. International Olympic Committee (IOC) as one of the global organizations in sport originated the ''IOC Sustainability Strategy'', which consists of five aspects: infrastructure and natural sites, sourcing and resource management, mobility, workforce, and climate. The initiatives started in 1992, then progressed over time from an agenda in candidature questions, a study commission, publications, until they officially introduces the 2018-2021 ''IOC Sustainable Report''. The author discussed examples related to SDGs number 5, ''Gender Equality and Empower All Women and Girls''. The UN Indicators are related to legal instruments, gender-based sport participation, and research. The solutions, for instance, are balanced policy, engaging all stakeholders, and developing skills and involvement in the sport from an early age. SDGs 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities, public facilities including sports facilities considering diversities of the community. Planning considers all stakeholders, national, local, users, and young people. IOC Sustainability Objectives, consist of IOC as an organization, IOC as the owner of the Olympic Games, and IOC's role in the Olympic Movement. Besides, some cities that hosted the Olympic Games have played a role in fostering sustainable legacies. Yet, research has shown that the sustainability of the Olympic Games from 1992-2020 is medium. These inquiries have summarized some suggestions about how Olympic Games and sports organizations can participate to actualize Gender Equality and Sustainability in the ecological, economical, and social sectors by sport as the medium.