嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎對民眾參與運動行為意圖之影響

A Study on the Factors Influencing a Population’s Intention to Exercise During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using a Behavioral Intention Model

本研究以計畫行為理論為基礎，目的在建構 COVID-19 爆發期間，民眾參與運動行為意圖之模式，態度、主觀規範、知覺行為控制對行為意圖的影響效果。採網路問卷調查，有效問卷為402份（有效樣本率為95%），透過描述統計與結構方程模式進行統計資料分析。研究結果依理論架構的行為意圖模式具有良好適配度；民眾參與運動之行為意圖，受知覺行為控制正向影響效果最大。經間接測量發現知覺行為控制變項的「自我效能」因素為 COVID-19 爆發期間民眾參與運動的主要影響因素，因此，為了維持民眾的身心健康與免疫系統，可透過成就經驗、替代經驗、言語勸說、情緒喚起等四種自我效能訊息源的刺激，促使知覺行為控制發揮最大影響效益，以提高民眾參與運動的行為意圖。

This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing a population’s intention to exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic using a behavioral intention model based on the fundamental framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This study explored the effects of the population’s attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on their intention to exercise. The subjects were 420 participants whose completed online questionnaires were valid, representing a 95% successful response rate. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The primary findings of the study were as follows: (a) the constructed behavioral intention model based on TPB can enable an effective interpretation of the observation data, having reached a good adaptability level; (b) “perceived behavioral control” had a mainly positive influence on the population’s intention to exercise during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings concluded that the dimension of “self-efficacy” derived from the perceived behavioral control variable was the main factor influencing the population’s exercise behavior via indirect measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the “performance accomplishments,” “vicarious experience,” “verbal persuasion,” and “emotional arousal” from the message source of self-efficacy should be stimulated. To maintain the population’s mental health and immune system, perceived behavioral control should be promoted to maximize impact and enhance the populace’s intention to exercise.