由資本制論公司同數額減增資與員工認股權憑證發行予非員工之效力

On the Same Amount of Corporate Capital Decrease/Increase from Capital Systems and Legal Effect of Issuing Employee Share Subscription Receipt to Non-employee

公司經營權爭奪由公司資本制之論爭出發，首先須辨明係法定資本制抑或授權資本制，事涉公司法之資本制更迭，值得探究。在決定公司所採之資本制後，針對公司銷除或增加資本之爭議時，因涉及公司章程所載明之股份總數變更，故可能有章程變更之需要；如公司係採法定資本制，設立時資本額已一次發行完畢，增資則需辦理章程變更，需股東會（依公司法第277 條）之特別決議。而公司如為授權資本制時，則於授權資本總額範圍內，減資、增資，僅關係實收資本之減增，並不涉及公司章程所載股份總數，所以僅經股東會普通決議即可。在授權資本總額全部發行後，增資則因需變更章程，股東會應依特別決議方法後始得為之。 問題是，如果公司同數額減少資本，又增加資本之情形，究竟應否均須變更章程，抑或因係同數額減增資本，實際章程文字並未更動，故無須由代表已發行股份總數三分之二以上之股東出席，以出席股東表決權過半數之同意行之（股東會特別決議），而僅經以股東會普通決議即可，有無股東會決議瑕疵？再者，又有關發行員工認股權憑證，其發行對象非屬員工時，究其法律上之效力若何？本文依公司經營權爭奪實際案例研析，逐一探討、釐清相關爭點。

With respect to a corporate takeover fight from the discussions of corporate capital systems, it is critical to identify whether the company is under the statutory capital system or authorized capital system. It is worth attention due to the transition of the legislative movement regarding capital systems in Taiwan. In terms of decrease or increase of corporate capital, it might involve the filing of amendment of articles of incorporation since the number of total shares would vary. Should the company adopt statutory capital system, capital increase would require amend the articles of incorporation, which in turn would demand the call of special shareholders meeting as stated in Article 277 of the Company Act. Yet, when the company adopts authorized capital system, within the total authorized capital amount any increase or decrease of corporate capital will not trigger the requirement of amending articles of incorporation; thus, no special shareholders meeting will be needed until and unless the capital increase is greater than the authorized capital amount as indicated in the articles of incorporation. The next question then is whether amending articles of incorporation will be required if the same amount of capital decrease and capital decrease is made? In fact, the texts of said articles of incorporation will not be otherwise altered since the total share remains the same. If only an ordinary shareholders meeting has been convened, were such shareholders meeting defective for not complying with the higher quorum as set forth by a special shareholders meeting? In addition, this paper also deals with the issuance of employee share subscription receipt to non-employee, and explores its legal effect. By way of the hand-on case analysis, the authors will try to answer all issues presented respectively.