船舶建造之多母材排版系統研發

DEVELOPMENT OF MULTI-SHEETS NESTING SYSTEM FOR SHIPBUILDING

近年來多個生產大國強力發展工業4.0，造船產業由於生產流程複雜，不完全適用。然而，面對人力市場萎縮，首要因應之道就是先從局部自動化開始，其中，排版工作就是一項可自動化方案。排版工作主要是將製造所需板材安排母材去切割出來，目標是越省料越好。而造船產業的排版問題屬於多母材排版，每一批次需要排版的板材數量龐大需要多片母材才足夠。為此，本論文特別為其研發多母材排版系統。單母材排版若應用最佳化搜尋方法尚可應對，但多母材排版問題因板材數更大量，可預想最佳化計算時間會非常冗長，因此本論文特別提出基於船廠板材外形特徵而特別設計六種排序法則，以大幅縮減計算時間。此類排序法則取代最佳化方法的盲目搜尋，可預期能大幅減少計算時間。根據測試結果顯示，此多母材排版系統之研發已相當完整，從讀入圖檔、排版、到輸出結果；每個案例的前幾片母材排版比較緊密，從而看出該系統有做到優先填滿使用過的母材。有此完整原始程式碼，對於排版問題後續之新創或改善研究有非常重要的應用價值。

Industry 4.0 is under development in several countries their economics are based on industries. However, it is not totally fit into shipbuilding industry due to the complexity of ship construction. When facing the tremendous lack of human power, a decision maker should begin to automate some sub-processes of a whole ship construction. Nesting process is one of feasible choices. Nesting process includes some procedures while nesting problem is one of the difficult. Nesting problem discusses how to use one material sheet to cut out needed shapes as many as possible. Such problem is encountered in several industries but different strategies are needed. In shipbuilding, the nesting problem is a multi-sheets nesting problem which needs more than one material sheet to cut out massive shapes. When applying optimization methods, to solve the multi-sheets nesting problem will take long computation time by blindly searching and evaluating various nesting sequences. Thus, six rules of nesting sequence based on shape-character index are proposed that can massively decrease CPU time due to simple computation. Finally, some practical shapes used in shipbuilding are collected to test the system. The results show that the system is well developed from reading figure file, nesting and output results. With the whole source codes in hand, more improving and innovative researches can be progressed.