內部控制缺失與關鍵查核事項之關聯性──來自新上市公司的證據

Internal Control and Key Audit Matters Relevance - Evidence from Initial Public Offerings

2011年國際審計與認證準則委員會（International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board；IAASB）與美國公開發行公司會計監督委員會（Public Company Accounting Oversight Board；PCAOB）為了提高會計師查核報告的資訊價值而進行審計準則的檢討，IAASB並於2015年修改並制定新式查核報告之規範，台灣則順應國際潮流，自2016年度財務報表之查核起，上市、櫃公司均須適用該新式查核報告，其中關鍵查核事項（key audit matters；簡稱KAM）之揭露，是新式查核報告中最大的變革。會計師不僅對公司內部控制制度及程序的有效性進行測試，同時對公司財務報導的可靠性進行查核，會計師擁有公司營運的內部知識，對公司整體風險有更精確的掌握。本研究針對2016年至2018年之台灣新上市公司進行驗證，實證結果發現內部控制有缺失的新上市公司，會計師在查核報告中會揭露較多的關鍵查核事項，使得外部投資者了解更多企業風險價值的資訊，當關鍵查核事項越多的公司存在較大的內部控制風險。

In 2011, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) conducted a review of auditing standards in order to improve the information value of accountants' audit reports. The IAASB revised and formulated the new audit report specification in 2015, while Taiwan followed the international trend. Since the audit of the financial statements in 2016, both listed and listed companies must apply the new audit report, among which the key audit matters; The disclosure of key audit matters for short is the biggest change in the new audit report. Accountants not only test the effectiveness of the company's internal control systems and procedures, but also check the reliability of the company's financial reporting. Accountants have internal knowledge of the company's operations and have a more accurate grasp of the company's overall risks. This study conducted verification on newly listed companies in Taiwan from 2016 to 2018. The empirical results found that for initial public offerings with lack of internal control, accountants will disclose more key audit matters in the audit report, so that external investors can learn more about the company. Value-at-risk information, companies with more key audit items have greater internal control risks.