真德秀「心」論對朱子學之發展

Research on the Development of the Doctrine of Zhu Xi from Zheng Dexiu’s 'Mind Theories'

南宋的真德秀服膺於朱熹學術，但其關於「心」的想法卻似有向心學靠攏的傾向，肯定著「本心」以及在「心」上下工夫的重要性，因此引發爭議。本文透過真德秀的《心經》、《西山讀書記》與其相關言論抽絲剝繭，呈現真德秀在「心」論上對朱熹的發展與相異之處，展現其學術之特色。真德秀之論雖不能歸類為心學，但他肯定心的本然狀態、重視「未發」地位與「靜」中工夫、強調「如臨上帝」的戒懼感，與朱熹有相當明確的不同，是對朱熹學說的發展，可見朱子學在後學中變化與建構的多元可能性，具有思想史中的研究價值。

As a scholar of Zhu Xi’s doctrine, Zhen Dexiu’s theories about “mind” is similar to school of heart/mind. The topic will compare Zhen Dexiu’s Xinjing with shishandu shuji to present features of the content, structure and thought. Extending from Xinjing, we also can find the similarities and differences of 'Mind Theories' between Zheng Dexiu and Zhu Xi. Zhen Dexiu is certain of mind’s original state, attaching importance to the place of “Weifa” and the self cultivation of “Stillness”. He also emphasized the feeling of “Jieju” which “seems to face god”. All of these are the development of Zhu Xi's theory.