《世說新語》〈規箴〉篇研究──非道德取向的視角

The research of“Gui zhen”in“Shi Shuo Xin Yu”——An observation different from the moral perspective

《世說新語》〈規箴〉一篇，一般常以道德規勸的角度理解其篇旨，實際上，此角度無法涵蓋全篇內容。本研究將〈規箴〉各章全部納入，對人物言行予以分類歸納，較清楚地界定規箴篇名取意，指出篇內各章的共同主旨是運用言辭或行為，表達出不同的意見。由此，本研究進一步指出，《世說》性質除了學界所理解的欣賞重於實用以外，其非從道德角度切入，亦是重要的特色。《世說》要旨與其說是分類人格類型，其實更在於凸顯個人之各種面向的言行，透過言行細節要點的描寫，傳遞文外深意，並以各篇形成系列，成為評賞人物的綜合觀察體系。另外，本研究亦採此角度具體分析〈規箴〉主角人物用以影響他人的方法及其效用，增進對「規箴」的瞭解。以上相關結論，應有助於詮解《世說新語》，並可做為《世說新語》及魏晉思想文化相關研究之參考。

The meaning of “Gui zhen” in “Shi Shuo Xin Yu” was usually understood as the moral admonishment. But this viewpoint cannot cover the entire content of “Gui zhen”. In this research, all chapters in “Gui zhen” are examined for their interrelation and deep meaning for the definition of “Gui zhen” in “Shi Shuo Xin Yu”. It is pointed out that the meaning of “Gui zhen” is expressing different ideas or ways by words or behavior. Moreover, “Shi Shuo Xin Yu” may not be written from a moral point of view. It may aim to highlight the various aspects of the individual's words and behavior. Through the description of the details of the words and behavior,“Shi Shuo Xin Yu” conveys the deep meaning of its context, and forms a series of classifications to become a comprehensive observation system for the character evaluation. Furthermore, this research also explores the methods used by the protagonists of ' Gui zhen ' and its influence on the others. The conclusion is helpful to interpret “Shi Shuo Xin Yu” from a more appropriate angle, and can be used as a reference for the research of 'Shi Shuo Xin Yu' and Wei-Jin culture.