《清華（伍）‧命訓》校詁與詮釋──以「大命小命互動互成」、十二字訣、「權不法、中不忠」為觀測標的

Research' Study on the Exegesis and Interpretation of‘Ming Xun’Colleted from Qing Hua Chu Bamboo Slips Vol.5——from The Perspective of“Da Ming and Xiao Ming Work as a System Structure”, Twelve Secrets”, and“Quan Bu Fa, Zhong Bu Zhong”

〈命訓〉是《清華簡（伍）》中《尚書》類篇章三篇之一，簡文內容與傳世《逸周書．命訓》大致相合，整理者謂「當係〈命訓〉篇的戰國寫本」。〈命訓〉首段揭示「大命有常，小命日成」之旨，提供窺豹「天命論」在東周之季發展的重要參考基礎。本文以「大命小命互作互成」、「權不法、中不忠」為觀測標的，首先分析〈命訓〉首段大命小命之間互動互成的運作體系出發，討論「天─王─民」之間的權力位階關係。其次討論明王如何運用「惠、均、哀、樂、禮、藝、政、事、賞、罰、中、權」十二字訣掌理天下人事，論文將由上述十二字訣「正─反─反」第二次反面申訓的行文方式切入討論，將訓詁的重點由字、而詞、而語、而句、而章敷衍開來。分析「臨中」、「行權」的御下方法，辨析「權不法，中不忠」其中原則與工具的內在聯繫。最後再將〈命訓〉的權變概念與先秦儒家孔、孟的權變哲學相互比較，解析諸家側重範圍的不同。

‘Ming Xun’is one of three Shang-Shu Related Chapters collected from Qing Hua Chu Bamboo slips Vol.5. The article content is highly similar to handed-down documentary“Yi Zhou Shu”edition. The article interpreter considered slips edition to be the earlier warring states period transcript of handed-down edition. The paragraph reveals the main subject of whole article：There are established rules and standards in Da Ming（大命）﹐While Xiao Ming（小命）can be achieved through daily practice. The contention could be regarded as a perspective to observe the development of fatalism at late period of eastern zhou dynasty. There are three observation targets in this article：the way Da Ming（大命）and Xiao Ming（小命）work as a system structure﹐the key to belence the political domination with twelve secrets ( Hui惠、Jun均、Ai哀、Le樂、Li禮、Yi藝、Zhen政、Shi事、Shang賞、Fa罰、Zhong中、Quan權) ﹐and the contingency approach on political management. The study would focus on four points of view: First, how Da Ming（大命）and Xiao Ming（小命）can work togother and accomplish the emperor 's mission to awake people 's consciousness. Second, how too much of a good thing make domination collapse. Third, use Quan（權） to replace Fa（法）, use Zhong（中）to replace Zhong（忠）. And the other five groups of similar replace collocation. Four, compare the philosophy of contingency approach in ‘Ming Xun ’with other Pre-Qin period philosophers.