養護機構實施飲食、懷舊健康促進團體對高齡住民社會心理健康意義之初探性研究

A Preliminary Study of the Meaning of the Dietary Health Promotion and Reminiscence Group for the Elders' Social-Psychological Health in Nursing Institutions

研究目的：從活躍老化取向觀之，養護機構實施飲食懷舊健康促進團體有助長者的身心健康，只是當前以飲食團體為主軸的實證研究不多見。本文為初探性研究，嘗試將飲食作為團體動力的媒介，再探團體實施後對養護機構高齡住民社會心理健康的影響。研究方法：本研究在中部兩家養護機構實施飲食懷舊健康促進團體，接續採取焦點團體訪談法針對7位參與飲食懷舊健康促進團體之機構人員進行資料蒐集與分析。研究結果：飲食懷舊健康促進團體對機構高齡住民的社會心理至少產生四項效能：1.團體動力催化，改善飲食習慣；2.增進人際互動，助益環境適應；3.促進自我統整，增進自我價值；4.玩的開心自在，提升幸福感受。然機構在實施過程會遭遇專業知能缺乏及實施成本過高等困境。研究結論：以飲食和懷舊為主題的健康促進團體對機構長者的社會心理健康能產生效益，機構亦有意願推動，然需政府相關政策的支持與資源挹注，以能補足機構實施健康促進團體所需之人力、物力及財力。

Purpose: Implementing healthy diet and group reminiscence promotion interventions in nursing institutions may be beneficial for the physical and mental health of older adults, which can promote active aging. Healthy diets are crucial for the self-efficacy of older adults. However, health promotion interventions incorporating information on healthy diets are rare, and relevant empirical studies are also limited. Accordingly, the aim of this preliminary study was to explore the effects of a healthy diet and group reminiscence promotion (DRHPG) intervention on the sociopsychosocial health of older adults in nursing institutions. Methods: We implemented the DRHPG intervention in two nursing institutions in central Taiwan, after which we conducted two focus group interviews with seven medical staff members. Results: We observed that the DRHPG intervention positively affected the older adults. Specifically, the intervention prompted them to adopt healthy eating habits; to interact with others, which helped newly arrived older adults to adapt to the new environment; to develop self-integrity; to improve their self-esteem; and to feel happy. Nevertheless, when implementing the DRHPG intervention, nursing institutions may face challenges such as a lack of professional knowledge on DRHPG management and related high costs. Conclusions: Health promotion interventions incorporating healthy diets and reminiscence therapy can positively affect the sociopsychological health of older adults in nursing institutions. We present suggestions for policymakers and the general public on how to implement DRHPG interventions to improve the welfare of older adults in nursing institutions.