不同的家庭主義模型？臺灣和澳門友善家庭政策比較初探

Different Models of Familism? A Preliminary Study Comparison Family-Friendly Policies Between Taiwan and Macao

本文旨在整理臺灣和澳門家庭政策現況，論述兩地友善家庭政策及初步分析和呈現其家庭化概念與家庭主義類型面貌；並討論其家庭主義對照顧議題與性別角色分工的意涵及兩地家庭主義的發展。經分析，臺灣相關政策的財政家庭化程度比澳門強、勞動力去家庭化程度比澳門弱，時間家庭化和財政去家庭化程度彼此相差不大，再次印證為顯性家庭主義；澳門相關政策的勞動力去家庭化程度比臺灣強，財政家庭化程度比臺灣稍弱，可歸類為「混合家庭主義－去家庭主義」。本文亦指出兩地的家庭主義對照顧議題的性別角色分工意義，兩地女性仍未從照顧責任中完全解放；而臺灣在制度發展脈絡的角度持續強調照顧責任家庭化取向，澳門在經濟產業結構的角度逐步發展照顧責任家庭化的政策。

The aim of this study was to sort out the situation of family policies in Taiwan and Macao. The study compared family-friendly policies between Taiwan and Macao and preliminarily analyzed and demonstrated the concept of familialization and types of familialism. The study also explored the impact of familialism on childcare burdens and gender roles, in addition to discussing the development of familialism in Taiwan and Macao. The results revealed a stronger degree of money familialization policies in Taiwan than in Macao and a weaker degree of labor defamiliarization in Taiwan than in Macao. The degree of time familialization and money defamilialization did not differ significantly, which supports the concept of ''Explicit Familialism.'' The degree of labor defamiliarization in Macao's policies was noted to be stronger than that in Taiwan, and the degree of money familialization in Macao was determined to be slightly weaker than that in Taiwan, indicating ''Hybrid Familialism-Defamilialism.'' Moreover, the study demonstrated the influence of familialism on the division of gender roles in care responsibilities in Taiwan and Macao. Women in both Taiwan and Macao have yet to be free from their care responsibilities. Taiwan adopts policies on family care responsibilities from an institutional development standpoint, whereas Macao gradually adopts policies on family care responsibilities from an economic and industrial standpoint.