《今昔物語集》中的疾病書寫

The Description of Disease in Konjyaku Monogatarisyu

平安文學對疾病的描述十分隱晦，重點不在病徵的描述，而是多用來強調女性楚楚可憐的一面，或是被當成不論男女為了達成目的所使用的手段。院政末期成書的《今昔物語集》，當中的疾病書寫卻是截然不同。作品中對於病症與治療過程描寫得鉅細靡遺，為其最顯著的特色。正因如此，許多醫學書籍都引用了《今昔物語集》的內容來解釋疾病。此外，疾病在《今昔物語集》當中似乎也不具目的性，而是回歸其本質。除了貴族、僧侶等知識階級的故事之外，《今昔物語集》也收錄了不少以一般平民為主角的故事，我們也可以由此一窺當時民間的疾病觀與醫療情況。本文將《今昔物語集》中與疾病相關的字詞加以分類整理，歸納出作品中具代表性的疾病、相關表現、以及特殊治療者，對照平安時期的日記、物語、隨筆、醫學書籍等相關資料，進而探討《今昔物語集》中疾病書寫的意義。

The description of the disease in the literary works of the Heian Period is more obscure. It is often used as a means by both men and women to achieve their goals. But the description of the disease in Konjyaku Monogatarisyu which finished at the end of the Insei period is drastically different. The most apparent feature of Konjyaku Monogatarisyu is the detailed description of the symptoms and the treatment process. Because of this, it is cited in many medical books to explain the disease. In addition, the description of disease in Konjyaku Monogatarisyu seems to have no purpose, but regression to its essence. It also includes many stories of commoners other than intellectuals such as nobles and monks, so we can understand contemporary disease and medical conditions. This article classifies the words related to disease in Konjyaku Monogatarisyu and summarizes the representative disease, related symptoms, and unique treatment methods. Compare the Heian period’s diary, monogatari, essays, medical books, etc., to explore the meaning of disease writing in it.