東亞資優教育政策之比較──以亞洲四小龍為例

Comparison of Gifted Education Policies in East Asia: A Study of the Four Asian Tigers

亞洲四小龍――臺灣、韓國、香港、新加坡皆受儒家文化影響，重視教育及人才培育。本文旨在透過比較此四地資優教育政策與相關法令、資優教育經費、類別、鑑定方式、課程與師資培育方式之異同，以作為臺灣資優教育未來發展的參考。本文於比較中發現四地資優教育政策的法源皆源於美國《馬蘭報告》、《資優兒童教育法》，其中，臺灣與香港身障與資優合流，新加坡與韓國則是資優與身障分流，故較能全力發展資優教育。在資優類別上四者皆採多元智能理論而有多元類別。在鑑定方式上，除新加坡是以學科考試為主外，其餘都採多元、多階方式進行。在課程上，四者在國中、小階段皆採融合教育方式，在高中則有資優學校與資優班之別。在師資培育上，各國皆有研習式的修習課程，但由大學專門系所一路由學士至博士完整資優師培學程的只有臺灣。未來臺灣如何參考他國優點以因應人才需求是臺灣資優教育發展可努力的方向。

The four Asian Tigers, Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore, are culturally influenced by Confucian tradition and value the importance of education and talent-cultivation. This paper aims at comparing the similarities and differences among gifted education policies, legislations, funding sources, categories, ways of identification, curriculum and teacher training in these four countries. The findings could be informative to the practices of gifted programs in Taiwan. The findings include that the legal foundation of these gifted education policies is originate d from Marland Report and Gifted and Talented Children’s Education Act in the US. Both gifted and disadvantaged students were in the same stream in Taiwan and Hong Kong while separated in Singapore and Korea. With independent funding for gifted students in Singapore and Korea, the development of gifted programs could be enhanced. All of the four countries adopt the theory of multiple intelligence and come out with various categories. Singapore is the only country applying examination to identify gifted students while others use the multiple channels. As to the gifted curriculum, all countries follow the inclusive education approach to cater the learning need and the need of social interaction of the gifted students in junior high and primary level but elite approach in senior high level. Taiwan is the only country having the well-structured teaching training from undergraduate to doctoral level while others offer workshops only. The future direction of gifted education in Taiwan relies on learning from the advantages of others.